The Republic of Armenia, or as it is known in the vernacular language, Hayastan, is located in the south Caucasus region, where empires often met for centuries to decide the fate of numerous cultures and peoples of the region. The origins of Armenian printing is intimately connected to the need to preserve one’s language and culture, which in turn, gave birth to one of the most prolific diaspora communities in the world.
The first step towards a publication culture came in 405 AD, when Mesrop Mashtots devised an alphabet for the Armenian language and began to disseminate the script via translations of liturgical texts in the Armenian language. Due to harsh historical circumstances, the printing of materials in the Armenian language and a vibrant publishing culture took root outside of Hayastan, supported and financed by the Armenian diaspora. In his introductory essay to the Catalogue of early Armenian books 1512-1850, Vrej Nersessian provides an exhaustive list of titles and locations for early Armenian printing. Moreover, Vrej Nersessian’s helpful overviews for each section, which will enable scholars and informational professionals to identify and incorporate these printing locations when discussing Armenian National Bibliography. The following is a brief summary of Armenian titles, divided into to periods [1512-1660 and 1660-1800 period], based on Vrej Nersessian’s essay and Hakob Meghapart Project‘s bibliography for old printed books in Armenian [See: http://nla.am/old/arm/meghapart/Arm/frame.htm]
1. Venice:
Hakob Meghapart published the first Armenian book in 1512. According to Vrej Nersessian,”… Five of his books have been preserved, but no copy of the sixth, a Psalter, has yet been discovered.” Moreover, according to Vrej Nersessian, Hakob Meghapart at the end of each book left the initials “D.I.Z.A.” In cooperation with the Vatican, Venice became a vibriant center for Armenian printing and publishers. The Armenian printing culture in Venice also produce serial publications. For example: Bazmavèp. The following is a brief list of titles published in Venice [Source: Hakob Meghapart Project. See: OLD PRINTED BOOKS IN ARMENIAN AND THEIR BIBLIOGRAPHY]:
Urbat‘agirk‘ [lit. ‘Friday Book’, prayers for the sick]. Venice: pr. Yakob Meghapart, 1512. -124p. -Size 11/6.5cm.
Pataragatetr (Xorhrdatetr) [Missa1]. Venice: pr. Yakob Meghapart, 1513. -88p. -Size 11/6.5cm.
Aght‘ark‘ [Prayers for the Sick and Horoscope]. Venice: pr. Yakob Meghapart, 1513. -380p. -Size: 11/6.5cm.
Parzatumar [Calendar-based Manual]. Venice: pr. Yakob Meghapart, 1513. -118p. – 11/6.5cm.
Tagharan [Book of Tagh Songs]. Venice: pr. Yakob Meghapart, 1513. -150p. Size: 11/6.5cm.
Tomar [Calendar]. Venice: pr. Abgar Dpir T‘oxat‘ec‘i, 1565. – Size: 56/46cm.
Saghmosaran [Psalter]. Venice: pr. Yakob Meghapart, 1565-1566. -512p. – Size: 12/8cm.
2. İstanbul/Constantinople:
Abgar Dpir Tokhatets established the first printing press in the Ottoman Empire around 1566-1567 AD. In highlighting the contributions of Armenian printers, Vrej Nersessian discusses the Arapean family. Successive generations of the Arapean family opened printing houses in the Ottoman Empire. According to Nersessian,”… the Arapean press remained opened until and during these years it printed over 160 books on science, language, history, religion and other subjects.” During the mid-ninth century, Turkey was home to a thriving Armenian publishing and printing culture. The following is a brief list of titles published in Constantinople [Source: Hakob Meghapart Project. See: OLD PRINTED BOOKS IN ARMENIAN AND THEIR BIBLIOGRAPHY]:
P‘ok‘r k‘erakanut‘iwn [Brief Armenian Grammar]. Constantinople: 1567.
Zhamagirk‘-Pataragamatoyc‘ [Breviary-Missal]. Constantinople: pr. Abgar Dpir T‘oxat‘ec‘i, 1568. -13volume. -Size: 19/13cm.
Parzatumar [Calendar-based Manual]. Constantinople: pr. Abgar Dpir T‘oxat‘ec‘i, 1568. -13volume. -Size: 14/10cm.
Tonac‘oyc‘ [Synaxary]. Constantinople: pr. Abgar Dpir T‘oxat‘ec‘i, 1568.
Tagharan [Book of Tagh Songs]. Constantinople: pr. Abgar Dpir T‘oxat‘ec‘i, 1568.
Mastoc‘ [Ritual]. Constantinople: pr. Abgar Dpir T‘oxat‘ec‘i, 1569. -40p.
Grigor Narekac‘i, Girk‘ aghotic‘ [Prayer Book]. Constantinople: pr. Grigor Marzvanec‘i, 1726. – 431p. -Size: 16/11cm
Mastoc‘ [Ritual]. Constantinople: Astuacatur Kostandnupolsec‘i, 1726. – 384p. -Size: 11.9/7.3cm
Saraknoc‘ [Hymnal]. Constantinople: Astuacatur Kostandnupolsec‘i, 1726. – 768p. -Size: 13.8/7.8cm
Aghotagirk‘ [Prayer Book]. Constantinople(/), 1727. – 382(/)p. -Size: 14/10cm
Simeon Jughayec‘i, Tramabanut‘iwn [Logic], Porpyry, Introduction, Davit‘ Anjaght‘, Arack‘ hing [Five Propositions], Dawit‘ Anjaght‘ Vasn bazhanman [On Division]. Constantinople: Astuacatur Kostandnupolsec‘i, 1728. – 352p. -Size: 13/8cm
Eremia Meghrec‘i, Bargirk‘ hayoc‘ [Armenian Dictionary] and Vardan Asxarhagir, Asxarhac‘oyc‘ [Geography]. Constantinople: pr. Martiros Sargsean, 1728. – 576p. -Size: 13.3/8cm
Awetaran [Gospelbook]. Constantinople: pr. Astuacatur Kostandnupolsec‘i, 1729. – 460p. -Size: 15.4/10.3cm
Grigor Tat‘ewac‘i, Girk‘ harc‘manc‘ [Book of Questions]. Constantinople: pr. Astuacatur Kostandnupolsec‘i, 1729. – 808p. -Size: 22/14.2cm
Zhamagirk‘ [Breviary]. Constantinople: pr. Martiros Sargsean, 1729. -616p
Yaysmawurk‘ [Synaxary]. Constantinople: pr. Grigor Marzvanec‘i, 1730. – 731p. -Size: 34.5/19.8cm
Xosrov Anjewac‘i, Meknut‘iwn Aghotic‘ [Commentary on the Prayers of the Office]. Constantinople: pr. Astuacatur Kostandnupolsec‘i, 1730. – 456p. -Size: 15.5/10.5cm
Zhoghovacu girk‘ [Miscellany]. Constantinople: pr. Martiros Sargsean, 1730-1731. – 480p. -Size: 16.6/11cm
P‘awstos Buzand, Patmut‘iwn hayoc‘ [History of the Armenians]. Constantinople: pr. Martiros Sargsean, 1730, 396p. – 396p. -Size: 16.2/10.9cm
Saraknoc‘ [Hymnal]. Constantinople: pr. Martiros Sargsean (/), 1730. -782p. -Size: 13.5/8.5cm
Dawit‘ Anjaght‘, Girk‘ sahmanac‘ [Book of Definitions] and Lucmunk‘ sahmanac‘n Dawt‘i [Resolutions of Dawit‘’s Definitions]. Constantinople: pr. Astuacatur Kostandnupolsec‘i, 1731. -344p. -Size: 12.5/7.3cm
Hanna Vardapet, Patmut‘iwn Erusaghemi [History of Jerusalim]. Constantinople: pr. Astuacatur Kostandnupolsec‘i, 1731. -376p. -Size: 14.5/10cm
Patmut‘iwn pghnje k‘aghak‘in [Tale of the City of Bronze]. Constantinople: pr. Astuacatur Kostandnupolsec‘i, 1731. -272p. -Size: 12/7cm
Ep‘rem Xuri Asori, Girk‘aghotic‘ [Prayer Book]. Constantinople: pr. Martiros Sargsean, 1734. -95p.
T‘ovma Agulec‘i, Patmut‘iwn T‘avmayi arakeloyn [History of the Apostle Thomas] (verse). Constantinople: pr. Martiros Sargsean/, 1734. -80p. -Size: 13.7/7.8cm
Vardan Marat‘ac‘i Girk‘ aghotic‘ [Prayer Book]. Constantinople: pr. Martiros Sargsean, 1734. -464p. -Size: 9.3/6cm
Tagharan [Book of Tagh Songs]. Constantinople: pr. Martiros Sargsean, 1734. -152p. -Size: 9/6cm
Zhamagirk‘ [Breviary]. Constantinople: pr. Martiros Sargsean, 1734. -720p. -Size: 18.4/13cm
3. L’viv, Ukraine:
In 1616, Yovhannes Karamatanents published an Armenian Psalter. According to Vrej Nersessian, the psalter contained 478 pages. In addition to the psalter, Yovhannes Karamatanents also published an Armenian-Kipchak prayer book in 1618 (see below for full citation): The following is a brief list of titles published in L’viv [Source: Hakob Meghapart Project. See: OLD PRINTED BOOKS IN ARMENIAN AND THEIR BIBLIOGRAPHY]:
Saghmosaran [Psalter]. Lvov: pr. Yovhannes K‘aramatanenc‘, 1616. – 480p.
Bzskaran [Medical Manual]. Lvov: pr. Yovhannes K‘aramatanenc‘, 1616.
Aghot‘agirk‘ [Prayerbook] (Kipchak in Armenian characters) Lvov: pr. Yovhannes K‘aramatanenc‘, 1618. -168p.
4. Isfahan, Iran:
The Armenian community in Isfahan established a printing press in 1630s. According to Vrej Nersessian, “four books were printed in the press established Xac’atur”[Khachatur Kesratsi]. The second title published by Khachatur Kesratsi was Harants Varq, which consisted “… of 705 pages, double columns set in 17.5X 13 cm forme. The pages are numbered with Armenian numerals, and the paper is crude.” The following is a brief list of titles published in New Julfa [Source: Hakob Meghapart Project. See: OLD PRINTED BOOKS IN ARMENIAN AND THEIR BIBLIOGRAPHY]:
Saghmosaran [Psalter]. New Julfa: pr. Xachatur Kesarac‘i (no colophon), 1638. -604p.
Xorhrdatetr [Missal]. New Julfa, All-Saviour’s Monastery: pr. Xachatur Kesarac‘i, 1641. -Size: 17/13cm.
Haranc‘ Vark‘ [Lives of the Fathers]. New Julfa, All-Saviour’s Monastery: pr. Xachatur Kesarac‘i, 1641. – 705p. -Size: 17.5/12.8cm.
Zhamagirk‘ [Breviary]. New Julfa, All-Saviour’s Monastery: pr. Xachatur Kesarac‘i, 1642. -699p. -Size 17.2/13cm.
5. Amsterdam, Netherlands:
Due to Papal censorship and printing innovations in Amsterdam, the Armenian printing culture left their traditional base in Italy for the Netherlands. Matteos Caretsi printed “Visus Ordi” in December 1660. According to Vrej Nersessian, “… the main purpose of the Armenian press in Amsterdam was to print the Armenian Bible.” The first complete printing of the Armenian Bible was printed in Amsterdam between 1666 and 1668. The following is a brief list of printed titles in Amsterdam, Netherlands [Source: Hakob Meghapart Project. See: OLD PRINTED BOOKS IN ARMENIAN AND THEIR BIBLIOGRAPHY]:
Astuacasunc‘ [Bible]. Amsterdam: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘i, St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1666-1668. – 1470p. -Size 21/14.7cm.
Saghmosaran [Psalter]. Amsterdam: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘i, 1666. -83p.
Zhamagirk‘ [Breviary]. Amsterdam: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘i, St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1667. -275p.
Girk‘ aghotic‘ [Prayerbook]. Amsterdam: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘i, St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1667. -66p. -Size 10.5/6.3cm.
Mastoc‘ [Ritual]. Amsterdam: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘i, St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1667.-383p. -Size: 15.2/9.2cm.
Doctrina christiana (Armeno-Latin). Amsterdam: 1667.
Vardapetut‘iwn K‘rtistoneakan est hayoc‘ [Christian Doctrine According to the Armenians] (Armeno-Latin). Amsterdam: 1667.-82p. -Size 12/7cm.
Aybbenaran ew K‘rtistoneakan [Primer in Reading and Christian Faith]. Amsterdam: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘i, St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1668.
Nor Ktakaran [New Testament]. Amsterdam: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘i and Karapet Andrianac‘i, St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1668. -934p. -Size 12.4/6.5cm.
Tomarac‘ girk‘ [Book of Calendars]. Amsterdam: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘i, St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1668.-296p. -Size 9.5/5.8cm.
Tomarac‘ girk‘ [Book of Calendars]. Amsterdam: 1668.- 238p./
Movses Xorenac‘i, Asxarhac‘ouc‘-Aghuesagirk‘ [Geography and lit. ‘Foxbook‘, a collection of fables]. Amsterdam: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘i , St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1668. -312p. -Size 9.8/5.9cm.
Arak‘el Davrizhec‘i, Girk‘ patmut‘eanc‘ [Book of Histories]. Amsterdam: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘i, St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1669.- 650p. -Size 14.5/8cm.
Tonac‘oyc‘ [Synaxary]. Amsterdam: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘i, 1669. -273p. -Size 9.8/6cm
Saraknoc‘ [Hymnal]. Amsterdam: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘‘i and Petros Jughayec‘i, St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1669 (-1680’s). -464p. -Size 17.4/12cm.
Tonac‘oyc‘ [Synaxary]. Amsterdam: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘ i, 1669. -272p. -Size 11.3/6.3cm.
6. Livorno, Marseilles [1670-1673]:
According to Vrej Nersessian, one of the highlights of the Armenian printing culture in Livorno was the publication of an Armenian dictionary. This dictionary included: “… word lists, it consists of 344 pages and comprises 7500 words.” The following is a brief list of titles printed in Livorno/Marseilles area [Source: Hakob Meghapart Project. See: OLD PRINTED BOOKS IN ARMENIAN AND THEIR BIBLIOGRAPHY]:
Markelos Phaleriac‘i: Xostovanaran kam ambastaran, Trans. from Italian by Yovhannes Kostandnupolsec‘i. Livorno: (press unspecified), 1669.-162p.[1]. -Size
Saghmosaran [Psalter]. Livorno: pr. Yovhannes Jughayec‘i, 1644.-392p. -Size 7.5/4.7cm.
Bellarmino, Roberto (Card.), Christiana Doctrina, trans. Barsegh Kostandnupolsec‘i. Livorno: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘ i, St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1670. -366p. -Size 10/6cm.
Giardino spirituale (trans. Yovhannes Kostandnupolsec‘i), Livorno: pr. Oskan Yerewanc‘i, St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1670.
Tarec‘oyc‘ ew Tonac‘oyc‘ [Calendar and Synaxary] trans. Yovhannes Kostandnupolsec‘i. Livorno: (press unspecified), 1671-1672. -263p.[6]
Arak‘elean, Xac‘atur Erzrumec‘i, K‘erakanut‘iwn [Grammar]. Livorno: St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1696. – 124p. – Size: 12.2/7.8cm.
Patmut‘iwn kayesrn P‘onci‘ianosi [The Tale of the Emperor Pontianus]. Livorno: St. Ejmiacin and St. Sargis Press, 1696. – 184p. – Size: 12.3/7.3cm.
7. Armenia[1771-] and Russia:
The first printing press in Armenia proper was inaugurated in a building adjacent to the monastery of Holy Ejmiatsin. The first book to be published was Simeon Yerewanc‘i’s Zbosaran hogewor [Spiritual Diversion], published by St. Gregory the Illuminator Press, in 1772. The book contained 184 pages and its dimensions were 7.5/5.2cm. Another title by Simeon Yerewanc‘i, Tagharan [Book of Tagh Songs], was published in 1772 by St. Gregory the illuminator Press. The first Armenian printing in Russia was established in St. Petersburg around 1780. According to Vrej Nersessian, the first printed book in the Armenian language appeared in 1781. The same Armenian printing press in St. Petersburg was closed in 1789 and was transferred to Nor Nakhichevan [Rostov-on-Don, Russia], where it published “over twenty books … on religion, language, medicine and history.” Second move to Astrakhan occurred, which resulted in the printing of the following works [Source: Hakob Meghapart Project. See: OLD PRINTED BOOKS IN ARMENIAN AND THEIR BIBLIOGRAPHY]:
Karg t‘aghman kargaworac‘ [Rite for the Funeral of Clergy]. Ejmiacin: St. Gregory the Illuminator Press, 1777. -160p. – Size: 15/10cm
Simeon Yerewanc‘i, Tagharan p‘ok‘rik [Small Book of Tagh Songs]. Ejmiacin: St. Gregory the Illuminator Press, 1777. -40p. – Size: 8/5cm
Simeon Yerewanc‘i, Partavtshar [Obligations]. Ejmiacin: St. Gregory the Illuminator Press, 1779-1783. -383p. -Size: 13.4/7.3cm
Zhamagirk‘ [Breviary]. Ejmiacin, St. Gregory the illuminator Press, 1785. -426p. -Size: 23/16.5cm
Josephus, Flavius, Patmut‘iwnk‘ Yaghags paterzmin hreic‘ end hrovmayec‘is [Histories concerning the Jews’ War Against the Romans] (De Bello; Armenian edition by Step‘anos Lehac‘i). Ejmiacin: St. Gregory the illuminator Press, 1787. -496p. -Size: 18.9/13.4cm
Xorhrdatetr [Missal]. Ejmiacin: St. Gregory the illuminator Press, 1788. -35p. -Size: 23/16cm
Saraknoc‘ [Hymnal]. Ejmiacin, St. Gregory the illuminator Press, 1789. -895p. -Size: 12.5/8cm
Catherine II, Hrovartak [Decree] (Armenian and Russian). Astrakhan: Arghut‘eanc‘ press, 1796. -18p. -Size: 25/18cm
Zhamagirk‘ [Breviary]. Astrakhan: Arghut‘eanc‘ press, 1796. -535p. -Size: 13/7cm
Arghut‘eanc‘, Yovsep‘, Xosk‘ asac‘eal i verap‘oxman astuacacnay yekeghec‘wojn hayoc‘ [Homily Given in the Armenian Church on the Transformation of the Mother of God]. Astrakhan: Arghut‘eanc‘ Press, 1796. -9p.
Arghut‘eanc‘, Yovsep‘, K‘ondak orhnut‘ean [Encyclical of Praise] and Platon Zubov, Namak ark‘episkoposin [Letter to the Archbishop]. Astrakhan: Arghut‘eanc‘ Press, 1796. -34p. -Size: 17.5/11.5cm
Ephimerides. Astrakhan, Arghut‘eanc‘ Press, 1797. -354p. -Size: 12.8/7cm
Vardan Barjrberdc‘i, Meknut‘iwn saghmosac‘ Dawt‘i [Commentary on the Pslams of David]. Astrakhan, Arghut‘eanc‘ Press, 1797. -520p. -Size: 16/9.4cm
Tarec‘oyc‘ ew orac‘oyc [Yearly and Festal Calendar]. Astrakhan, Arghut‘eanc‘ Press, 1797. -48p. -Size: 10/6cm
Awetaran tshasu [Liturgical Gospelbook] and Tonac‘oyc‘ [Synaxary] 2nd vol. St. Peterburg: pr. Grigor Xaldereanc‘, 1786. -341p. -Size: 20.2/13.2cm
Mineadis, Elias, Vem gayt‘akghut‘ean [Stone to Stumble Over]. Trans. from Greek. St. Peterburg: pr. Grigor Xamdareanc‘, 1786. -176p. -Size: 11.5/6.1cm
Lazar Jahkec‘i, Astuacaghers [Pleas to God]. St. Petersburg: pr. Grigor Xaldereanc‘, 1786. -279p. -Size: 13.6/7.6cm
Nerses Snorhali, Aghot‘k‘ [Prayers] (Armenian and Russian). St. Peterburg: pr. Grigor Xaldereanc‘, 1786. -29p. -Size: 11/5.5cm
Tarec‘oyc ew Orac‘oyc‘ [Yearly calendar and calendar of Church Feasts]. St. Peterburg: pr. Grigor Xaldereanc‘, 1786
8. Chennai (formerly Madras)[1772-1876],Kolkata(formerly Calcutta)[1796-1873], India.
The first Armenian journal Azdarar was printed in Madras in 1794. According to Vrej Nersessian, the journal “… appeared monthly for eighteen consecutive months until February 1796. This journal gave a new impetus to the study of the Armenian language in India.” The following is list of Armenian titles printed in Madras and Calcutta [Source: Hakob Meghapart Project. See: OLD PRINTED BOOKS IN ARMENIAN AND THEIR BIBLIOGRAPHY]
Aybbenaran [Reading Primer]. Madras: pr. Yakob Sahamirean, 1772
Sahamirean, Yakob, Orogayt‘ p‘arac‘ [The Snare of Glory]. Madras: pr. Yakob Sahamirean, 1773. -339p. – Size: 13.8/8.4cm
Mesrop Erec‘, Patmut‘iwn mnac‘ordac‘ hayoc‘ ew vrac‘ [History of the Armenian and Georgian Chronicles]. Madras: pr. Yakob Sahamirean, 1775-1776. -148p. -Size: 15.7/10.8cm
Hanway, Jonas, Patmut‘iwn varuc‘ew gorcoc‘ Nader sah t‘agaworin parsic‘ [Account of the life and work of Nadie sah, King of Persia] (translated from English by Poghos Mirzayean Amit‘ec‘i). Madras: pr. Yakob Sahamirian, 1780-1783. -184p. -Size: 22/15.5cm
Catherine 1, Namak snorhac‘ [Letter of Favour]. Madras: pr. Yakob Sahamirean, 1781.
Tetrak or kochi nsawak [Booklet Called Target]. Madras: pr. Yakob Sahamirean, 1783-1784. -80page. -Size: 16.3/10.5cm
Patmut‘iwn Mariane kusin [History of the Virgin Marianna]. Madras: pr. Yarut‘iwn Smawonean Sirazec‘i, 1789. -53p. -Size: 10.5/7cm
Alek‘sandre Jughayec‘i, Aghot‘amatoyc‘ [Prayer Book]. Madras: pr. Yarut‘iwn Smawonean Sirazec‘i, 1790. -76p.
Patmut‘iwn kaysern p‘onc‘ianosi [History of the Emperor Pontianos]. Madras: pr. Yarut‘iwn Smawonean Sirazec‘i, 1790. -382p. -Size: 12.7/8cm
Sogineanc‘, T‘adeos, Voghb hayastaneac‘ [Lament on Armenia] (verse). Madras: pr. Yarut‘iwn Smawonean Sirazec‘i, 1791. -31p. -Size: 12.9/6cm
Paghtasar Dpir, K‘erakanut‘iwn [Grammer] vols. 1-2. Madras: pr. Yarut‘iwn Smawonean Sirazec‘i, 1791. -619p. -Size: 10.5/6.3cm
T‘aghean, Yakob, Erkrachap‘ut‘iwn [Geometry]. Madras: pr. Yarut‘iwn Smawonean Sirazec‘i, 1792. -55p. -Size: 14.3/9cm
Nerses Snorhali, Visus ordi [Jesus the Son]. Madras: pr. Yarut‘iwn Smawonean Sirazec‘i, 1792. -444p. -Size: 12.5/7.6cm
Abraham Kretac‘i, Patmut‘iwn anc‘ic‘ [History of Nadir Sah] and Ararkut‘iwn enddem axtac‘eloc‘ yaxts manik‘akan molut‘ean [Against Those Infected With the Manichaean Heresy]. Calcutta: pr. Yovsep‘ Step‘anosean, 1796. -277p. -Size: 17.4/11.6cm
Grik‘oyk zhoghovacu xratakan [Miscellay of Advice]. Calcutta: pr. Yovsep‘ Step‘anosean, 1796. -187p. -Size: 19.2/12.5cm