{"id":6049,"date":"2026-05-21T19:59:12","date_gmt":"2026-05-21T19:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/?p=6049"},"modified":"2026-05-21T20:00:19","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T20:00:19","slug":"an-illuminating-comparison","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/2026\/05\/21\/an-illuminating-comparison\/","title":{"rendered":"An *Illuminating* Comparison of a 16th century New Testament in Greek"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>By Molly Banwart<\/p>\n<p>Illumination of texts didn\u2019t end with manuscripts! Early printed books continued the tradition, and some illumination can be used to find out an item\u2019s provenance.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-43.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6057 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-43.png\" alt=\"Left: Front pastedown of book with the name Samuel Prideaux Tregelles. Right: Front flyleaf of book with armorial bookplate of R.H.S Truell.\" width=\"1800\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-43.png 1800w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-43-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-43-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-43-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-43-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In recent cataloging discoveries, we\u2019ve come across two copies of the 1524 New Testament in Greek. One copy (<a href=\"https:\/\/i-share-uiu.primo.exlibrisgroup.com\/permalink\/01CARLI_UIU\/1geg102\/alma99569256912205899\">IUA17770<\/a>) has stayed close to its original state with minimal alterations made to the item: it retains its modest wood-cut title page, scattered contemporary marginalia, and unadorned capital spaces with guide letters. Many early printed books left a space with smaller guide letters placed inside so that owners (and their illustrators and\/or illuminators) could know what the large initial should be and decorate over the guide, allowing owners to customize their books to their liking.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-44.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6058 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-44.png\" alt=\"Left: Book opened to pages with plain initial spaces with guide letters. Right: Book opened to pages with illuminated initials and coat of arms.\" width=\"1800\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-44.png 1800w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-44-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-44-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-44-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-44-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Our plainer copy includes the armorial bookplate of Robert Holt Truell, who lived in Ireland from 1797-1870, and Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (1813-1875), an English theologian and biblical scholar.<\/p>\n<p>The owner of our other copy (<a href=\"https:\/\/i-share-uiu.primo.exlibrisgroup.com\/permalink\/01CARLI_UIU\/1geg102\/alma99257047012205899\">220.48 B471524<\/a>) did decide to customize his book: finely illuminating the initials with florals, fruits, and figures while using many striking colors. The title page in this copy was also colored in red and blue, and this color combination continued throughout the text to mark up sections and include notes in Greek. These additions of inscriptions, rubrication, manicules, underlining, and bracketing were all done in a contemporary hand, presumably that of the owner, Jacques de B\u00e9thencourt.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e9thencourt inscribed the title page in both Greek and Latin, signing his name, his place of residence, Rouen (<em>Rothomagi<\/em> in Latin, <em>\u03a1\u03c9\u03b8\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9<\/em> in Greek), and the year, 1539. The B\u00e9thencourt family coat of arms was also added in silver illumination to the bottom of leaf A4 verso. Having two copies in different states of customization help visualize and bring to life the book culture of 16th century France.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-45.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6059 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-45.png\" alt=\"Left: Book opened to colored title page. Right: Book opened to uncolored title page.\" width=\"1800\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-45.png 1800w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-45-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-45-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-45-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Untitled-design-45-1536x768.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>B\u00e9thencourt himself is a historical figure of interest: he is now most notable for his coining of the term \u201cvenereal disease.\u201d Sexually transmitted infections at the time were colloquially known as <em>Morbus Gallicus<\/em>, or \u201cThe French Malady,\u201d and B\u00e9thencourt resented its association with his fellow Frenchmen. Instead, he believed the term should be named <em>Morbus Venereus<\/em> (Malady of Venus) or <em>lues venerea<\/em> (venereal disease), believing its stemmed from \u201cillicit love.\u201d He made these claims in his own book <em>Nouveau Cartme de penitence<\/em> or the &#8220;New Book of Penance,&#8221; which was published in 1527.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Picture7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6056 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Picture7.png\" alt=\"Close-up of illuminated initial with a bird depicted inside.\" width=\"649\" height=\"648\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Picture7.png 649w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Picture7-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/52\/2026\/05\/Picture7-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Molly Banwart Illumination of texts didn\u2019t end with manuscripts! Early printed books continued the tradition, and some illumination can be used to find out an item\u2019s provenance. In recent cataloging discoveries, we\u2019ve come across two copies of the 1524 New Testament in Greek. One copy (IUA17770) has stayed close to its original state with [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":848,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,452,466],"tags":[220],"class_list":["post-6049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bibles","category-collection-highlights","category-rare-books","tag-rare-books"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6049","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/848"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6049"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6049\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6066,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6049\/revisions\/6066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6049"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6049"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/rbx\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}