{"id":903,"date":"2024-05-23T16:38:50","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T16:38:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/?page_id=903"},"modified":"2024-05-23T18:32:20","modified_gmt":"2024-05-23T18:32:20","slug":"the-jazz-age-1920-1930","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/the-jazz-age-1920-1930\/","title":{"rendered":"The Jazz Age | 1920 &#8211; 1930"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>For the University of Illinois, the 1920s was a decade of physical growth\u2014rising enrollment and rising buildings\u2014and academic stagnation. New York architect Charles Platt gave Illinois a signature Georgian Revival architectural style and a campus plan for the ages. Illinois football reached new heights as Harold \u201cRed\u201d Grange galloped into history. And the students let loose, dating, dancing, and drinking to an unprecedented extent. The hazy outlines of the modern public university\u2014the \u201cBig U\u201d of the 1960s and beyond\u2013could be glimpsed on the distant horizon.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_904\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-904\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/illio21univ\/page\/n7\/mode\/2up?view=theater\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-904 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Capture-169-1-300x207.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Capture-169-1-300x207.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Capture-169-1-1024x708.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Capture-169-1-768x531.png 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Capture-169-1.png 1046w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-904\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foreword to the 1921 Illio celebrating the end of the war.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"image_gallery_container\" class=\"flex flex-row sh-gap-4\">\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/4\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=2301&amp;_gl=1*1ss6nsj*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyMzk2NC4yMzYuMS4xNzE2MjI1ODI1LjAuMC4w\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Alma Mater\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Alma-Mater-w-Taft_1929.jpg\" alt=\"img description\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/4\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=4429&amp;_gl=1*1g1k8gv*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyMzk2NC4yMzYuMS4xNzE2MjI1ODQ5LjAuMC4w\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            North Campus\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Ariel-S.-Campus_ca1921.jpg\" alt=\"img description\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/4\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/illio192531univ\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Loyalty\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_train-drawing_1925.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/4\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/illio192632univ\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Unitersity Life\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_University-life_1926.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div><\/div>\n<p>Further Resources<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_592\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-592\" style=\"width: 288px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-592\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/DILogo_25Oct1890-288x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"288\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/DILogo_25Oct1890-288x300.png 288w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/DILogo_25Oct1890.png 751w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-592\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">19th Century Daily Illini Logo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_712\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-712\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/search?query=title%3A%28illio%29%20AND%20contributor%3A%28university%20of%20illinois%29\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-712\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/TitlePage_1926Illiopg8-300x254.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/TitlePage_1926Illiopg8-300x254.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/TitlePage_1926Illiopg8-768x649.png 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/TitlePage_1926Illiopg8.png 846w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-712\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1926 Illio Title Page<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_622\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-622\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/illinicenturyone00eber\/page\/n7\/mode\/2up\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-622\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/IlliniCenturyCover-210x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/IlliniCenturyCover-210x300.jpg 210w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/IlliniCenturyCover.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-622\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Illini Century Cover<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-511\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/admin-icon-1024x102-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/admin-icon-1024x102-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/admin-icon-1024x102-1-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/admin-icon-1024x102-1-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Administration<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=4162&amp;_gl=1*4vymhz*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyMzk2NC4yMzYuMS4xNzE2MjI2Mzc4LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-352 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Thomas-Arkle-Clark_ca1910-757x1200-1-189x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"189\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Thomas-Arkle-Clark_ca1910-757x1200-1-189x300.jpg 189w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Thomas-Arkle-Clark_ca1910-757x1200-1-646x1024.jpg 646w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Thomas-Arkle-Clark_ca1910-757x1200-1.jpg 757w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 189px) 100vw, 189px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"x-text\">\n<p>The \u201cRoaring Twenties\u201d posed a particular problem for campus administration as old social norms went out the window. Dean of Men Thomas Arkle Clark disapproved of jazz, new dance styles, drink, and student \u201clove-making\u201d (\u201cIntimate physical contact is not necessary to enjoyment between the sexes,\u201d he wrote).<\/p>\n<p>Using an army of informants, he tried unsuccessfully to crack down on drinking and speak-easies (even\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.atf.gov\/our-history\/eliot-ness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eliot Ness<\/a> once came in 1927 to enforce Prohibition). He also managed to get a campus-wide ban on automobiles, claiming they promoted drinking and \u201csocial immorality.\u201d No wonder the campus was considered the most puritanical in the country.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cIntimate physical contact is not necessary to enjoyment between the sexes.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><cite class=\"x-cite\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3876&amp;q=thomas+arkle+clark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dean of Men Thomas Arkle Clark<\/a><\/cite><\/p>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id1_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id1_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id1\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id1\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id1\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<h3>Growing Enrollment<\/h3>\n<p>During the 1920s, college became \u201cthe thing to do\u201d for more and more young adults, with the number of those attending college in the United States doubling in the decade. The University of Illinois received more than its fair share of these new, now predominantly urban, students. In 1920 the per-semester tuition was raised from $15 to $20, but the students still came.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn1administration\" name=\"_ftnref1administration\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0The following year, the University had over 10,000 students for the first time\u2013the third largest enrollment in the country, behind only California and Columbia.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn2administration\" name=\"_ftnref2administration\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Legislators began expressing concern over the U of I\u2019s size, and there was talk of limiting admissions and even of \u201cbreaking up\u201d the University.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn3administration\" name=\"_ftnref3administration\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_69\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-69\" style=\"width: 234px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=2788&amp;_gl=1*oz6p8u*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyMzk2NC4yMzYuMS4xNzE2MjI2Mzc4LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-69\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/1921-22-1922-23-Enrollment-by-Sex-and-Curricula_Page_1-934x1200-1-234x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/1921-22-1922-23-Enrollment-by-Sex-and-Curricula_Page_1-934x1200-1-234x300.jpg 234w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/1921-22-1922-23-Enrollment-by-Sex-and-Curricula_Page_1-934x1200-1-797x1024.jpg 797w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/1921-22-1922-23-Enrollment-by-Sex-and-Curricula_Page_1-934x1200-1-768x987.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/1921-22-1922-23-Enrollment-by-Sex-and-Curricula_Page_1-934x1200-1.jpg 934w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 234px) 100vw, 234px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-69\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Registrar\u2019s Report: Comparative Summary of Students (1921-1922, 1922-1923)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>President David Kinley, on the other hand, believed that the U of I needed to become even bigger in order to accommodate the increased enrollments. In 1919 the 58-year-old Kinley took over the reins from the ailing President James. (Kinley would be the acting president until 1920.) Kinley, a Yale-trained economist, was a natural for the role, having loyally and competently served the University for over 25 years, including as the dean of the Graduate School and as James\u2019 sometime \u201chatchet man.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn4administration\" name=\"_ftnref4administration\">[4]<\/a> Cold, humorless, and brusque, Kinley, however, inspired admiration rather than real affection. \u201cAnother man from the East and I think they had better kept him there,\u201d the legendary naturalist Steven Forbes, then the UI College of Science dean, supposedly said of Kinley shortly after they first met in 1893.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn5administration\" name=\"_ftnref5administration\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Not helping matters, the U of I president also possessed a volcanic temper he had trouble controlling. According to Charles Hottes, a Botany professor, Kinley once became so angry during a meeting with a student that he began kicking a wastebasket around his office.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn6administration\" name=\"_ftnref6administration\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_341\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-341\" style=\"width: 235px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=3916&amp;_gl=1*14msph6*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyMzk2NC4yMzYuMS4xNzE2MjI2Mzc4LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-341\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-940x1200-1-235x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-940x1200-1-235x300.jpg 235w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-940x1200-1-802x1024.jpg 802w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-940x1200-1-768x980.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-940x1200-1.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-341\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portrait of David Kinley, President of the University from 1920-30.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Kinley may not have won a popularity contest, but he was a hard worker who got things done. He had a strong interest in the physical plant of the University and in campus planning. Launching an ambitious ten-year plan, Kinley sought vastly larger appropriations from the Legislature to meet the needs of the growing University. Materially aided by business groups and alumni, the U of I\u2019s legislative campaigns achieved incredible results: The biennial appropriations averaged $10.5 million during the decade, almost double the largest amount received during the James administration in a single biennium.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn7administration\" name=\"_ftnref7administration\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0A large fraction of this money was spent on buildings: over a dozen structures were constructed during this decade, most on the south campus. The south campus buildings were designed by New York architect Charles Platt in the University\u2019s new signature Georgian Revival style and were sited according to the dictates of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/historyofgrowthd00tilt#page\/n185\/mode\/2up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Platt\u2019s landmark 1922 Campus Plan<\/a>.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn8administration\" name=\"_ftnref8administration\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>\u00a0later lauded Kinley for solving what it termed was \u201cthe chief problem\u201d of his administration\u2014\u201cthe erection of a physical plant that would provide adequately for the 10,000 sons and daughters of Illinois who sought education here.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn9administration\" name=\"_ftnref9administration\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0With this mission accomplished, the 68-year-old Kinley retired in the summer of 1930 after thirty-seven years of service to the University.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn10administration\" name=\"_ftnref10administration\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0He had gotten out in the nick of time\u2014just before the campus felt the full effects of the Depression.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_670\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-670\" style=\"width: 218px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19300724.2.84&amp;srpos=9&amp;dliv=none&amp;e=-------en-20-DIL-1--txt-txIN\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-670 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/KinleyTribute_DI_24July1930-256x1200-1-218x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"218\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/KinleyTribute_DI_24July1930-256x1200-1-218x1024.jpg 218w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/KinleyTribute_DI_24July1930-256x1200-1-64x300.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-670\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Tribute to Dr . Kinley<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5>References<\/h5>\n<p><small><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref1administration\" name=\"_ftn1administration\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/e-records\/index.php?dir=University%20Archives\/2601021\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carl Stephens, \u201cThe University of Illinois\u2013A History, 1867-1947,\u201d Carl Stephens Manuscript History (26\/1\/21), Chapter 9, 23, University of Illinois Archives.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref2administration\" name=\"_ftn2administration\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/e-records\/index.php?dir=University%20Archives\/2601021\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref3administration\" name=\"_ftn3administration\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/e-records\/index.php?dir=University%20Archives\/2601021\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid., 7.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref4administration\" name=\"_ftn4administration\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Karl Max Grisso, \u201cDavid Kinley, 1861-1944: The Career of the Fifth President of the University of Illinois\u201d (Ph.D. Diss., University of Illinois, 1980), 613-14.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref5administration\" name=\"_ftn5administration\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3722&amp;q=Charles+Hottes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charles Hottes Reminiscence, Oral History Interview, 14 January 1964, Charles F. Hottes Papers (15\/4\/21), B: 2, Reel 2, University of Illinois Archives.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref6administration\" name=\"_ftn6administration\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3722&amp;q=Charles+Hottes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid., November 1963.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref7administration\" name=\"_ftn7administration\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/e-records\/index.php?dir=University%20Archives\/2601021\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stephens, Chapter 9, 10-11.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref8administration\" name=\"_ftn8administration\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/e-records\/index.php?dir=University%20Archives\/2601021\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid., 13-15.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref9administration\" name=\"_ftn9administration\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19300424.2.78&amp;dliv=none&amp;e=-------en-20-DIL-1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 24 April 1930.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref10administration\" name=\"_ftn10administration\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19290602.2.17&amp;dliv=none&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid., 2 June 1929.<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-507\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/academics-icon-1024x102-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/academics-icon-1024x102-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/academics-icon-1024x102-1-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/academics-icon-1024x102-1-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Academics<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_906\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-906\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/illio192632univ\/page\/32\/mode\/2up?view=theater\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-906 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Capture-180-2-300x220.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Capture-180-2-300x220.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Capture-180-2-768x564.png 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Capture-180-2.png 770w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-906\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Section Header from the 1926 Illio<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>After the huge influx of big-name professors and campus expansion under President James, the priorities of new president David Kinley did not sit well with many on campus. Although an economics professor since 1893 and a dean, faculty considered him abrasive, autocratic, and more concerned with public relations than academic freedom.<\/p>\n<p>The result was few new departments or course offerings, more graduate students as instructors, and an exodus of distinguished faculty. Even reading assignments came under President Kinley\u2019s scrutiny when professors tried to assign questionable books such as James Joyce\u2019s Ulysses. He retired in 1930, after 10 years at the helm.<\/p>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id2_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id2_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id2\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id2\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id2\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<p>Many faculty members believed that, in the David Kinley administration, academics took a back seat to \u201carchitecture, construction, and landscape gardening.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn1academics\" name=\"_ftnref1academics\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0They could point to what were, for them, evidences of academic decline from the halcyon James years: a curriculum that remained essentially stagnant, with few new departments being launched and few new courses being introduced; an increase in class sizes; a growing reliance on graduate students as instructors; faculty salaries that failed to keep up with the pace of inflation; and an exodus of distinguished faculty members, including History\u2019s Clarence Alvord and Evarts B. Greene, Engineering\u2019s Charles Richards, and English\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=2423&amp;q=stuart+sherman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stuart Sherman<\/a>.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn2academics\" name=\"_ftnref2academics\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_340\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-340\" style=\"width: 222px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=3915&amp;_gl=1*14a042f*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMC4xNzE2MjI4MjAwLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-340\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-1-889x1200-1-222x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"222\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-1-889x1200-1-222x300.jpg 222w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-1-889x1200-1-759x1024.jpg 759w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-1-889x1200-1-768x1037.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-1-889x1200-1.jpg 889w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-340\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portrait of David Kinley President of the University from 1920-30.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19200425&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-730\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/039-DIL-1920-04-25-001-SINGLE-916x1200-1-229x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"229\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/039-DIL-1920-04-25-001-SINGLE-916x1200-1-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/039-DIL-1920-04-25-001-SINGLE-916x1200-1-782x1024.jpg 782w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/039-DIL-1920-04-25-001-SINGLE-916x1200-1-768x1006.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/039-DIL-1920-04-25-001-SINGLE-916x1200-1.jpg 916w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 229px) 100vw, 229px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Kinley\u2019s abrasive personality, autocratic nature and conservative outlook did not endear him to most members of the faculty. Early in his tenure, he bitterly opposed a faculty union attempting to improve the status of its overworked and underpaid members.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn3academics\" name=\"_ftnref3academics\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Kinley insisted that faculty members hold \u201cconventional social, political, and religious viewpoints,\u201d in the words of his biographer.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn4academics\" name=\"_ftnref4academics\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0He carefully vetted the resumes of faculty candidates, making sure that no socialists or pacifists joined the instructional staff.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn5academics\" name=\"_ftnref5academics\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Valuing public relations over academic freedom, Kinley urged historian Arthur Cole, an avowed socialist and the organizer of the faculty union, to moderate\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19180416.2.26&amp;srpos=7&amp;dliv=none&amp;e=--1918---1930--en-20-DIL-1-byDA-txt-txIN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his political positions<\/a>. (Having exhibited a \u201clukewarm attitude\u201d toward the World War I effort, Cole had incurred the enmity of Trustee\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19300408.2.20&amp;srpos=2&amp;dliv=none&amp;e=--1918---1930--en-20-DIL-1-byDA-txt-txIN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mary Busey<\/a>\u00a0whose son had died in the war.) Encouraged to leave the University, Cole ultimately accepted a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19200923.2.11&amp;srpos=20&amp;dliv=none&amp;e=--1918---1930--en-20-DIL-1-byDA-txt-txIN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">position at Ohio State in 1920<\/a>\u00a0and would go on to have a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25080762\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">distinguished career as an historian<\/a>.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn6academics\" name=\"_ftnref6academics\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cKinley did not object to Cole\u2019s socialist ideas or to his union activities so much as to the reaction those ideas and activities might arouse outside the University if they became a matter of public controversy,\u201d Kinley\u2019s biographer wrote. \u201cTherefore, Kinley\u2019s resistance to and at times suppression of academic freedom at Illinois was not so much a matter of principle as it was a part of public relations.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn7academics\" name=\"_ftnref7academics\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0To be fair, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aaup.org\/about\/history-aaup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Association of University Professors\u2019<\/a>\u00a0principles of academic freedom had only recently been promulgated.<\/p>\n<p>Even reading assignments came under scrutiny in the Kinley administration. After a parent complained about one assigned book\u2014Guy de Maupassant\u2019s\u00a0<em>Bel Ami<\/em>\u2014Kinley ordered the English Department chairman Ernest Bernbaum to put an end to \u201cthe assigning of dirty reading.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn8academics\" name=\"_ftnref8academics\">[8]<\/a> University Librarian Phineas Windsor aided Kinley in his censorship efforts, keeping a close eye on what books were being borrowed and which ones were being reserved for classes. In 1927 Windsor alerted Kinley to the fact that English Professor Jacob Zeitlin had assigned James Joyce\u2019s Ulysses to an undergraduate working on a paper. Responding, Kinley commanded Kendric Babcock, dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, \u201cto advise Professor Zeitlin that we cannot permit such assignments in the future.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn9academics\" name=\"_ftnref9academics\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"image_gallery_container\" class=\"flex flex-row sh-gap-4\">\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/4\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=6562&amp;_gl=1*bksyt2*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMC4xNzE2MjI4MjAwLjAuMC4w\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Windsor\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Windsor.jpg\" alt=\"img description\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/4\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=9330&amp;_gl=1*1ge4l5e*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMC4xNzE2MjI4MjAwLjAuMC4w\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Altgeld Hall\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_altgeld_ca1920-816x1200-1.jpg\" alt=\"img description\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/4\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/BelAmiCover.jpg\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Bel Ami\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/BelAmiCover.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/4\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/UlyssesCover_OUP-Edition.jpg\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Ulysses\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\" http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/UlyssesCover_OUP-Edition.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">David Kinley retired in 1930 after thirty-seven years of service to the University. Ironically, the man who, early in his career, had opposed Andrew Draper for being too autocratic ended up being eerily similar to Draper, just as guilty of \u201covercentralization and overregulation.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn10academics\" name=\"_ftnref10academics\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Kinley\u2019s retirement capped a decade that saw many of the University\u2019s long-time faculty step down, including\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3955&amp;q=bevier\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Isabel Bevier<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3806&amp;q=forbes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stephen Forbes<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=1581&amp;q=ira+baker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ira Baker<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3739&amp;q=charles+richards\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William Noyes<\/a>, and<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=1469&amp;q=talbot\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0Arthur Talbot<\/a>. The old-guard from the early James years and before was exiting the scene.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn11academics\" name=\"_ftnref11academics\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cThe University is changing a good deal these days,\u201d Dean of Men Thomas Arkle Clark reported to a friend in 1928. \u201cAll the old timers are either retired or will soon be ready for retirement, and there is a new crop coming on. They will probably do better than we have done.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn12academics\" name=\"_ftnref12academics\">[12]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_731\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-731\" style=\"width: 365px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19210424.2.33&amp;dliv=none&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-731 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/039-DIL-1921-04-24-001-SINGLE-428x1200-1-365x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"365\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/039-DIL-1921-04-24-001-SINGLE-428x1200-1-365x1024.jpg 365w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/039-DIL-1921-04-24-001-SINGLE-428x1200-1-107x300.jpg 107w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/039-DIL-1921-04-24-001-SINGLE-428x1200-1.jpg 428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 365px) 100vw, 365px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-731\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daily Illini reporting on Professor Bode\u2019s resignation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_350\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-350\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=1653&amp;_gl=1*1swxf1w*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMS4xNzE2MjI4NjY5LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-350\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_studying_ca1920-1200x1194-1-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_studying_ca1920-1200x1194-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_studying_ca1920-1200x1194-1-1024x1019.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_studying_ca1920-1200x1194-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_studying_ca1920-1200x1194-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-350\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Study room of Altgeld Hall, when it was the Library Building, with tables, bookcases, fireplace, and students studying visible.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Professor Joseph Tykosinki-Tykociner arrived at the University of Illinois in 1921 as an experienced electrical engineer dreaming of bringing sound to film. As the first research professor in the electrical engineering department, his invention of the \u201ctalkie\u201d was revolutionary not only in commercial film, but also in expanding the College of Engineering and the possibilities of scientific research at the University. Unfortunately, the patents of his invention were quickly caught up in University politics and he was never able to commercialize his invention. Tykociner stayed at the University for another 25 years, pioneering research in zetetics and photolectricity. <a href=\"https:\/\/mediaspace.illinois.edu\/media\/Joseph+Tykociner%27s+Demonstration+of+Sound+on+Film+Technology\/1_ggqu09n9\">Tykociner&#8217;s Demonstration of Sound on Film Technology<\/a><\/p>\n<p><u>Further Resources<\/u><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/blog\/joseph-tykociner-and-the-talking-film1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joseph Tykociner and the \u201cTalking Film\u201d<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/innovationatillinois.omeka.net\/exhibits\/show\/gadgets\/sound-on-film\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Investing in Gadgets that Improve Lives: Sound on Film<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=821\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joseph T. Tykociner Papers, 1900-69<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>References<\/h5>\n<p><small><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref1academics\" name=\"_ftn1academics\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=628\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Frank W. Scott to Thomas Arkle Clark, 5 October 1930, Dean of Men General Correspondence (41\/2\/1), B: 52, F: Scott, University of Illinois Archives.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref2academics\" name=\"_ftn2academics\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=8352\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carl Stephens, \u201cThe University of Illinois\u2013A History, 1867-1947,\u201d Carl Stephens Manuscript History (26\/1\/21), Chapter 9, 17-22, University of Illinois Archives.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref3academics\" name=\"_ftn3academics\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/303023732\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karl Max Grisso, \u201cDavid Kinley, 1861-1944: The Career of the Fifth President of the University of Illinois\u201d (Ph.D. Diss., University of Illinois, 1980), 575-77.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref4academics\" name=\"_ftn4academics\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/303023732\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid., 530.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref5academics\" name=\"_ftn5academics\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/303023732\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid., 555.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref6academics\" name=\"_ftn6academics\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/303023732\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid., 557-64.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref7academics\" name=\"_ftn7academics\">[7]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/303023732\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0Ibid., 564.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref8academics\" name=\"_ftn8academics\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/303023732\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid., 568.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref9academics\" name=\"_ftn9academics\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/303023732\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid., 568-69.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref10academics\" name=\"_ftn10academics\">[10]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/303023732\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0Ibid., 570.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref11academics\" name=\"_ftn11academics\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=8352\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stephens, Chapter 9, 19.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref12academics\" name=\"_ftn12academics\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=628\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thomas Arkle Clark to Harlan Horner, 19 November 1928, Dean of Men General Correspondence (41\/2\/1), B: 47, F: Horner.<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3>Further Resources<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_340\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-340\" style=\"width: 222px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/docview\/303023732?parentSessionId=mLec3Px%2BpUAPlKcD3gXDpy%2BZj76WfebqgX5fHB%2F8tRs%3D&amp;sourcetype=Dissertations%20&amp;%20Theses\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-340\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-1-889x1200-1-222x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"222\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-1-889x1200-1-222x300.jpg 222w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-1-889x1200-1-759x1024.jpg 759w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-1-889x1200-1-768x1037.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_President-Kinley_ca1925-1-889x1200-1.jpg 889w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-340\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portrait of David Kinley President of the University from 1920-30.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_724\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-724\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/0023656X.2010.528992\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-724\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Union_DIHeadline_30Apr1920-300x267.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Union_DIHeadline_30Apr1920-300x267.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Union_DIHeadline_30Apr1920.png 646w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-724\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Daily Illini Headline, 1920<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_557\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-557\" style=\"width: 202px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=108&amp;_gl=1*170m2um*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMS4xNzE2MjI5NTc5LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-557\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/BOT_1914-Illiopg10-202x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"202\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/BOT_1914-Illiopg10-202x300.png 202w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/BOT_1914-Illiopg10.png 514w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 202px) 100vw, 202px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-557\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Board of Trustees, 1914<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-518\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/arch-icon-1024x102-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/arch-icon-1024x102-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/arch-icon-1024x102-1-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/arch-icon-1024x102-1-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Campus Architecture &amp; Planning<\/h2>\n<p>With enrollment in 1919 burgeoning and buildings bursting at the seams, then-Acting President Kinley identified the university\u2019s chief need as being at least 14 new structures and 12 additions. The Board of Trustees therefore created a Campus Plan Commission to find a way to accommodate at least 10,000 students. Their recommendation: hire New York architect Charles Platt.<\/p>\n<p>Within five years, Platt\u2019s first building, the Agriculture Building, was dedicated. Its Georgian Revival style became the template for all campus buildings of the era (David Kinley Hall, Evans Hall, Huff Hall, McKinley Hospital, University Library, etc.). His greatest innovation\u2014arranging buildings in masses rather than siting them haphazardly.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/univofillinois.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/MapJournal\/index.html?appid=918159b7997945d3b47c25417b7da397\">Jazz Age Building Tour: 1920 &#8211; 1930<\/a><\/p>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id3_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id3_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id3\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id3\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id3\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<p>The flood of students entering the University in the 1920s threatened to overwhelm the school\u2019s physical plant. The old Library (Altgeld Hall) could comfortably accommodate only 265 students at a time when a thousand or so typically needed to use it. The Men\u2019s Gymnasium (Kenney Gym) had classes going on in it until ten at night. Students were packed like sardines in the laboratories. With the growth in enrollment expected to continue into the foreseeable future, the University clearly needed additional buildings\u2014and lots of them\u2014to accommodate all of the new students.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_114\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-114\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=3375&amp;_gl=1*1mdz9hb*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMS4xNzE2MjI5ODM2LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-114 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0003350_PlattHuffHallConception_1924-1200x679-1-300x170.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0003350_PlattHuffHallConception_1924-1200x679-1-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0003350_PlattHuffHallConception_1924-1200x679-1-1024x579.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0003350_PlattHuffHallConception_1924-1200x679-1-768x435.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0003350_PlattHuffHallConception_1924-1200x679-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-114\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Architect&#8217;s conception of the Gymnasium, as viewed from the southeast, to be built at the University of Illinois. today this is Huff Hall.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Late in 1919, Acting President David Kinley conducted a survey of the University\u2019s building requirements and discovered that at least fourteen new structures and twelve additions were urgently needed. In response, Kinley launched a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/digital.library.illinois.edu\/items\/77ef0f70-f563-0134-23e3-0050569601ca-c#?c=0&amp;m=0&amp;s=0&amp;cv=0&amp;r=0&amp;xywh=-1165%2C-13%2C4707%2C3022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bold building program<\/a>\u00a0to solve what the\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>\u00a0later described as \u201cthe chief problem\u201d of his administration\u2014\u201cthe erection of a physical plant that would provide adequately for the 10,000 sons and daughters of Illinois who sought education here.\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn1architecture\" name=\"_ftnref1architecture\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Development on such a scale demanded a great deal of planning, and the Board of Trustees responded by creating a Campus Plan Commission to direct this growth. Unlike its architects-only predecessor of a decade before, this plan commission contained a mixture of Trustees and academics\u2014and not a single architect. After almost three years of service, the commission went out of business in the fall of 1922 when the trustees approved \u201cin general\u201d the historic campus plan of Charles Platt.<\/p>\n<p>Over a year before, the trustees had appointed Charles Adams Platt to a dual role: to serve both as the architect of the new Agriculture Building (Mumford Hall) and as a consultant on the U of I campus plan. An aristocratic New Yorker, the French-speaking, croquet-playing, bewhiskered Platt had been the number-one choice of a trustee-appointed committee headed by Martin Roche, of the renowned Chicago architectural firm Holabird &amp; Roche. \u201cMr. Platt is an artist, an architect, and a landscape gardener, but he is also at bottom a practical man,\u201d Roche declared in his letter of recommendation.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_294\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-294\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=3905&amp;_gl=1*1el9js5*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMS4xNzE2MjI5ODM2LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-294\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_architecture-building_ca1929-1200x908-1-300x227.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_architecture-building_ca1929-1200x908-1-300x227.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_architecture-building_ca1929-1200x908-1-1024x775.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_architecture-building_ca1929-1200x908-1-768x581.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_architecture-building_ca1929-1200x908-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-294\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Architecture Building<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Despite a bout of pneumonia that had confined him to a Chicago hospital early in 1922, Platt worked quickly on the designs for the new Agriculture Building and by April had already completed the preliminary plans. Dedicated in 1924, the new Agriculture Building would set the standard for future building design on campus. Built in a Georgian Revival style, new Agriculture was a three-story (plus attic) red-brick horizontal mass trimmed in limestone and topped by a steeply-slanted, green-slate roof and a profusion of over-sized false chimneys.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Platt\u2019s other campus buildings<\/a>\u2014David Kinley Hall (1925), Evans Hall (1925), Huff Hall (1925), McKinley Hospital (1925), the Library (1926-9), the Armory Additions (1927), Architecture (1928), the President\u2019s House (1930), the Agricultural Bioprocesses Lab (1931), and Freer Hall (1931)\u2013would\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mediaspace.illinois.edu\/media\/Student+film+3%2C+Audiovisual+Digital+Surrogates+from+the+Louis+and+Ruth+Wright+Papers%2C+Series+41+20+185\/1_p1fvi2sf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">share many of these basic features<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Having established Georgian Revival as the University\u2019s dominant architectural style, Platt also set the course of future UI development with his epochal 1922 campus plan (revised in 1927). The architect accepted the basic outlines of previous campus plans, including the main north-south axis established in the 1906 Blackall plan and the east-west mall proposed by Holabird and Roche in 1920, though shifted somewhat north. Platt\u2019s great innovation was his arrangement of his buildings in masses\u2014masses connected to each other by ornamental gateways and enclosing cozy inner courtyards. Platt\u2019s imposing structures had both public and private faces. On the side facing the broad malls, they presented a monumental front with uniform high cornice lines; the view from the courtyards, on the other hand, was much different: more human and homey, with lower cornice lines and a reduced scale of detail.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_359\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-359\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=4434&amp;_gl=1*mm7gv6*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMS4xNzE2MjI5ODM2LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-359\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_ariel-of-campus_ca1924-1200x840-1-300x210.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"210\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_ariel-of-campus_ca1924-1200x840-1-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_ariel-of-campus_ca1924-1200x840-1-1024x717.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_ariel-of-campus_ca1924-1200x840-1-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_ariel-of-campus_ca1924-1200x840-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-359\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aerial Photograph of University of Illinois Campus<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Even a student or two noticed Platt\u2019s handiwork. Writing early in 1924, a\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>\u00a0editorialist praised the University\u2019s new campus plan. \u201cIllinois is expanding in the right way,\u201d he or she wrote. \u201cNew buildings, instead of being strewn indiscriminately, are being built according to a well laid out campus plan. . . . Walks between classes may seem a bit long now, but it is better to sprint a bit than to have a campus spattered out and mixed with business houses and dwellings, as other institutions which have under-estimated their own growth find themselves today.\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn2architecture\" name=\"_ftnref2architecture\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>References<\/h5>\n<p><small>Information for this unit came from Lex Tate and John Franch,\u00a0<i>An Illini Place: The Campus of the University of Illinois<\/i>\u00a0(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, forthcoming).<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref1architecture\" name=\"_ftn1architecture\">[1]<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19300424.2.78&amp;dliv=none&amp;e=-------en-20-DIL-1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0<em>Daily Illini\u00a0<\/em>, 24 April 1930.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref2architecture\" name=\"_ftn2architecture\">[2]<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19240215.2.44&amp;dliv=none&amp;e=-------en-20-DIL-1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0<em>Daily Illini\u00a0<\/em>, 15 February 1924.<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3>Further Resources<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_684\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-684\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/maps\/full.html?mapId=7ad17cc9-b808-4ff8-a2f9-a99909164466\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-684\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/NPS_Map-300x250.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/NPS_Map-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/NPS_Map.png 678w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-684\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u201cUl sites recognized: Morrow Plots , Altgeld Hall registered as historic sites worthy of preservation\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_575\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-575\" style=\"width: 268px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-575\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Charles_Platt.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"268\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Charles_Platt.jpg 268w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Charles_Platt-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 268px) 100vw, 268px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-575\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portrait of Architect Charles Platt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-599\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/diversity-icon-1024x102-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/diversity-icon-1024x102-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/diversity-icon-1024x102-1-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/diversity-icon-1024x102-1-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Diversity<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Campus demographics changed radically during the 1920s, with urban students outnumbering rural ones for the first time ever. International student numbers also decreased as some foreign countries began their own universities and others suffered financial setbacks.<\/p>\n<p>African-American enrollment, however, soared to 138 by 1929. Nevertheless, discrimination permeated everything from housing, causing many to join African-American sororities and fraternities, to classes (President Kinley personally ordered one professor to end segregated classroom seating). Jewish students, too, felt discriminated against, leading to creation of the country\u2019s first Hillel Foundation. They also had common cause with African-American students when the campus Interfraternity Council barred African-American and Jewish fraternities from membership.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"A Home of Their Own\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GGcwWMFQL8o?start=1&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id4_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id4_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id4\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id4\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id4\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id4\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<p>During the 1920s, the student body was predominantly urban for the first time in the history of the U of I.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn1diversity\" name=\"_ftnref1diversity\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0These newcomers from the cities gave the campus a different tone. The Daily Illini somewhat snobbishly described the trend as one that led away from \u201cthe hairy-chested, he-man, farmer college to a more sophisticated, more social, more \u2018Eastern,\u2019 if you will, institution.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn2diversity\" name=\"_ftnref2diversity\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Despite the growing enrollments, the make-up of the student body became \u201cmore nearly homogenous than it had been ten years before,\u201d historian Carl Stephens reported.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn3diversity\" name=\"_ftnref3diversity\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Proportionally fewer students came from out of state, and the number of international students declined, going from a peak of 278 in 1921 to 169 in 1928-9.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn4diversity\" name=\"_ftnref4diversity\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Beginning in 1921, out-of-state students were charged more for tuition for the first time: $37.50 per semester compared to the $25 per semester paid by in-state students.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn5diversity\" name=\"_ftnref5diversity\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>International Student Programs<\/h3>\n<p>The enrollment of international students at the U of I fell 69 percent between 1921 and 1925.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn6diversity\" name=\"_ftnref6diversity\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0More international students were attending new universities in their home countries. Japan and the Philippines, for instance, had developed \u201cinstitutions of higher education during the past few years that rival some American institutions.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn7diversity\" name=\"_ftnref7diversity\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Beset by economic difficulties, many overseas nations also offered fewer scholarships to students planning to study abroad. Unfavorable rates of exchange helped cause the decrease in the number of European and Latin American students. \u201cFour Chilean pesos were worth one American dollar several years ago while today 10 pesos must be given in exchange for an American dollar,\u201d a student from Chile explained. \u201cThis deflation in South American money has caused many students to give up hopes of continuing their education in American institutions.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn8diversity\" name=\"_ftnref8diversity\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0As in the 1910s, China provided the most international students: their numbers peaked in 1921 when there were 88 Chinese students at the University.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn9diversity\" name=\"_ftnref9diversity\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0According to a Chinese graduate student, the Immigration Act of 1924 (which further restricted Chinese immigration) played a role in curtailing Chinese student enrollment at the U of I.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn10diversity\" name=\"_ftnref10diversity\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_268\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-268\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=7058&amp;_gl=1*16cwsh8*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMS4xNzE2MjMwMjMzLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-268\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_Albert-lee_ca1938-840x1200-1-210x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_Albert-lee_ca1938-840x1200-1-210x300.jpg 210w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_Albert-lee_ca1938-840x1200-1-717x1024.jpg 717w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_Albert-lee_ca1938-840x1200-1-768x1097.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_Albert-lee_ca1938-840x1200-1.jpg 840w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-268\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Albert Lee (1874-1948), &#8220;defacto dean of African-American students&#8221;<br \/>Found in RS 26\/4\/1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The number of African American students rose markedly in the 1920s, topping out at 138 in 1929.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn11diversity\" name=\"_ftnref11diversity\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0As their predecessors, these students faced discrimination on and off campus. In 1926 President Kinley personally intervened to end a segregated seating arrangement set up by a chemistry professor and ordered Graduate School Dean Arthur Daniels to \u201cquietly and discreetly make certain that such a thing did not occur again.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn12diversity\" name=\"_ftnref12diversity\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0According to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=213\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Albert Lee<\/a>, the unofficial Dean of African American students, the Women\u2019s Residence Halls were theoretically open to African American students. But, Lee went on to explain, \u201cthere are practical difficulties that almost preclude their living there. The expense, the early deposit, and the long waiting list are factors that influence the situation.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn13diversity\" name=\"_ftnref13diversity\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0Barred from most campus-area boarding-houses, African American students had few rooming options. Many chose to live in one of the three houses owned or rented by the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=11369\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kappa Alpha Psi\u00a0<\/a>and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=11526\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alpha Phi Alpha<\/a>\u00a0fraternities and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=1224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alpha Kappa Alpha<\/a>\u00a0sorority.<\/p>\n<p>As with boarding-houses, campus-area restaurants were off-limits to African American students\u2014except for the cafeteria in the Woman\u2019s Building, which only served lunch. Those few African Americans who dared to enter a campus restaurant were inevitably treated badly. \u201cEven in the place where I work the boss told us that if any colored person came in to take our time about waiting on them and give them poor service because he doesn\u2019t want to encourage their trade,\u201d Jacob Goldstein, a Jewish student and an employee at a campus eatery, wrote in 1929. \u201cWe must serve them because that is the law. Sometimes those fellows wait fifteen or twenty minutes before they get any service and I really feel sorry for them.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn14diversity\" name=\"_ftnref14diversity\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0In 1927, Theophilus Mann, an African American law student, sued Lula Spang, the owner of a campus-area restaurant, on grounds of discrimination for refusing to serve him. An all-white jury took only a few minutes to find Spang not guilty. Spang claimed that she had offered to serve Mann and his friends in \u201ca back room of the eating establishment,\u201d and, for the jurors, this assertion was enough to absolve her of guilt.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn15diversity\" name=\"_ftnref15diversity\">[15]<\/a><br \/>\nIn the autumn of 1923 African American students at the U of I launched a publication, unique for the time, called \u201cThe College Dreamer\u201d whose purpose was \u201cto make the college life of their fellow students more enjoyable.\u201d The first issue totaled sixteen pages and featured articles by Dean of Women\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=913\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maria Leonard<\/a>\u00a0and Leah Fullenwider, an English instructor and a future Dean of Women, as well as by students, a few poems, and a sporting page \u201cdevoted to negro athletes.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn16diversity\" name=\"_ftnref16diversity\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0After the publication of three issues, the pioneering \u201cCollege Dreamer\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19240515.2.24&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">experiment apparently ended<\/a>. \u201cFor a newcomer in the field of magazines, \u2018The College Dreamer\u2019 has served well to reflect the progress being made by Negro students in American universities and colleges,\u201d the Daily Illini declared.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn17diversity\" name=\"_ftnref17diversity\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0Unfortunately, no copies of \u201cThe College Dreamer\u201d are known to exist.<\/p>\n<h3>Hillel Publications<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_501\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-501\" style=\"width: 216px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3341&amp;_gl=1*telw42*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMS4xNzE2MjMwMjMzLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-501\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4169806_Hillel-newspaper_1928-865x1200-1-216x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"216\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4169806_Hillel-newspaper_1928-865x1200-1-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4169806_Hillel-newspaper_1928-865x1200-1-738x1024.jpg 738w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4169806_Hillel-newspaper_1928-865x1200-1-768x1065.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4169806_Hillel-newspaper_1928-865x1200-1.jpg 865w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-501\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">History of Hillel, 1929<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Jewish students faced prejudice as well. \u201cWith all this blah blah of democratic feelings in this University etc. a Jew doesn\u2019t have much chance nor is he loved any too much,\u201d Jacob Goldstein, a U of I undergraduate, wrote to a friend in 1929.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn18diversity\" name=\"_ftnref18diversity\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0Many Jewish students found refuge in national fraternities and sororities of their own: Zeta Beta Tau, Sigma Alpha Mu, Alpha Epsilon Pi, Tau Epsilon Phi fraternities all had chapters on the campus in the 1920s as did Alpha Epsilon Phi, Sigma Delta Tau, and Delta Phi Epsilon sororities.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn19diversity\" name=\"_ftnref19diversity\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.illinihillel.org\/our-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1923 founding of the Hillel Foundation\u00a0<\/a>on campus proved to be a watershed moment for Jewish students. \u201cHillel Foundation at the University of Illinois was the first serious attempt in history to provide systematic religious contact for American college students of the Jewish faith,\u201d Winton Solberg wrote. \u201cHillel strove to cultivate a deeper and richer life for Jewish students.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn20diversity\" name=\"_ftnref20diversity\">[20]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_655\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-655\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/illio192733univ\/page\/316\/mode\/2up?view=theater\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-655\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_hillel-foundation-students_1927-300x101.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"101\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_hillel-foundation-students_1927-300x101.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_hillel-foundation-students_1927-1024x343.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_hillel-foundation-students_1927-768x257.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_hillel-foundation-students_1927.jpg 1059w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-655\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hillel Foundation, 1927 Illio<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_648\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-648\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/illio192834univ\/page\/478\/mode\/2up?view=theater\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-648\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Alpha-Epsilon-Phi_1928-300x114.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"114\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Alpha-Epsilon-Phi_1928-300x114.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Alpha-Epsilon-Phi_1928-1024x388.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Alpha-Epsilon-Phi_1928-768x291.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Alpha-Epsilon-Phi_1928.jpg 1115w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-648\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alpha Epsilon Phi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>References<\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref1diversity\" name=\"_ftn1diversity\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0&lt;a\u00a0<em>Illinois Alumni News<\/em>, 10 February 1930, 217-23<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref2diversity\" name=\"_ftn2diversity\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19260527.2.60&amp;dliv=none&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 27 May 1926.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref3diversity\" name=\"_ftn3diversity\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Carl Stephens, \u201cThe University of Illinois\u2013A History, 1867-1947,\u201d Carl Stephens Manuscript History (26\/1\/21), Chapter 9, 40, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref4diversity\" name=\"_ftn4diversity\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid.;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/education.illinois.edu\/news-events\/news\/article\/2015\/02\/25\/alumna's-dissertation-influential-in-creation-of-china-illinois-museum-exhibit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carol Huang, \u201cThe Soft Power of U. S. Education and the Formation of a Chinese American Intellectual Community in Urbana-Champaign, 1905-1954\u201d (Ph.D. Diss., University of Illinois, 2001), 140.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref5diversity\" name=\"_ftn5diversity\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/e-records\/index.php?dir=University%20Archives\/2601021\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stephens, Chapter 9, 23.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref6diversity\" name=\"_ftn6diversity\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19260307.2.4&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Daily Illini,<\/em>\u00a07 March 1926.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref7diversity\" name=\"_ftn7diversity\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19250108.2.2&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid., 8 January 1925.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref8diversity\" name=\"_ftn8diversity\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19250108.2.2&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref9diversity\" name=\"_ftn9diversity\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Huang, 126.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref10diversity\" name=\"_ftn10diversity\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19260307.2.4&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 7 March 1926.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref11diversity\" name=\"_ftn11diversity\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Huang, 128.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref12diversity\" name=\"_ftn12diversity\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/303023732\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karl Max Grisso, \u201cDavid Kinley, 1861-1944: The Career of the Fifth President of the University of Illinois\u201d (Ph.D. Diss., University of Illinois, 1980), 632.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref13diversity\" name=\"_ftn13diversity\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0Albert Lee, \u201cThe University of Illinois Negro Students,\u201d June 25, 1940, University of Illinois Archives Reference File.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref14diversity\" name=\"_ftn14diversity\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0Jacob Goldstein to Lena Wolkow, 28 October 1929,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3148&amp;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jacob Goldstein Papers<\/a>, B: 1, F: 28 October 1929.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref15diversity\" name=\"_ftn15diversity\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19271119.2.47&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 19 November 1927.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref16diversity\" name=\"_ftn16diversity\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19231107&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid., 7 November 1923.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref17diversity\" name=\"_ftn17diversity\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19240515.2.24&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid., 15 May 1924.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref18diversity\" name=\"_ftn18diversity\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0Jacob Goldstein to Lena Wolkow, 1 November 1929,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3148&amp;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jacob Goldstein Papers<\/a>, B: 1, F: 1 November 1929.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref19diversity\" name=\"_ftn19diversity\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0Winton Solberg, \u201cThe Early Years of the Jewish Presence at the University of Illinois,\u201d\u00a0<em>Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation<\/em>, 2 (Summer 1992), 223-24<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref20diversity\" name=\"_ftn20diversity\">[20]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 229.<\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3>Further Resources<\/h3>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-grid sh-grid-cols-1 md:sh-grid-cols-12 sh-gap-3\"><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_496\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-496\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/slc\/illini-everywhere-map\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-496\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4169324_InternationalStudentsMap_1920-1200x723-1-300x181.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4169324_InternationalStudentsMap_1920-1200x723-1-300x181.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4169324_InternationalStudentsMap_1920-1200x723-1-1024x617.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4169324_InternationalStudentsMap_1920-1200x723-1-768x463.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4169324_InternationalStudentsMap_1920-1200x723-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-496\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Location of all foreign students in 1920-1921<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_687\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-687\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/voices\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-687\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/oral-header-collage-300x230.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/oral-header-collage-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/oral-header-collage.jpg 724w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-687\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oral History Portal Logo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_649\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-649\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3148&amp;_gl=1*120dv9h*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMS4xNzE2MjMxNTM1LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-649\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/illio_Alpha-Epsilon-Phi-house_1928-300x178.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/illio_Alpha-Epsilon-Phi-house_1928-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/illio_Alpha-Epsilon-Phi-house_1928.jpg 582w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-649\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jacob Goldstein Papers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-grid sh-grid-cols-1 md:sh-grid-cols-12 sh-gap-3\"><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-6 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_267\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-267\" style=\"width: 257px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=213&amp;_gl=1*1m2wb21*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMS4xNzE2MjMxNTM1LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-267\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_Albert-lee_ca1938_size2-1028x1200-1-257x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"257\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_Albert-lee_ca1938_size2-1028x1200-1-257x300.jpg 257w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_Albert-lee_ca1938_size2-1028x1200-1-877x1024.jpg 877w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_Albert-lee_ca1938_size2-1028x1200-1-768x896.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_Albert-lee_ca1938_size2-1028x1200-1.jpg 1028w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-267\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Albert Lee\u2019s Papers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-6 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_610\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-610\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=creators\/creator&amp;id=2013&amp;_gl=1*1m2wb21*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMS4xNzE2MjMxNTM1LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-610 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/hillel_logo-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/hillel_logo-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/hillel_logo-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/hillel_logo.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-610\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hillel Foundation Records<br \/>The History of Illini Hillel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-708\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/student-icon-1200x120-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/student-icon-1200x120-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/student-icon-1200x120-1-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/student-icon-1200x120-1-1024x102.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/student-icon-1200x120-1-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Student Activities<\/h2>\n<p>The student in the University may or may not agree with the dean\u2019s ideas, or with the University rules. He may think that drinking and other sub-rosa activities are perfectly proper here or anywhere else. He observes the University rules almost altogether for just one reason \u2013 he has the fear of the dean in his heart.<cite class=\"x-cite\"><a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19260518.2.49\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>\u00a0Daily Illini\u00a0<\/em>, May 18 1926<\/a><\/cite><\/p>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id5_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id5_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id5\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id5\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id5\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id5\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<p>A leader in enrollment and in campus planning, Illinois also helped shape the nation\u2019s view of 1920s-era college life. Two important novels by Illini authors dealt with this watershed period when sexual mores, gender roles, hair styles and dress all changed profoundly. First out of the gate was Town and Gown, co-authored by Lois Seyster Montross, a 1919 U of I graduate. Clearly based on Montross\u2019 own experiences at the U of I, the 1923 episodic novel offered an unblinking\u2014some said \u201cunwholesome and indecent\u201d\u2013look at various students caught up in the dramatic cultural shifts of the time. According to a reviewer, Town and Gown did \u201cfor the coeducational institutions of the middle west what (F. Scott Fitzgerald\u2019s) This Side of Paradise did a year or so ago for Princeton.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn1studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref1studentlife\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Published much later, William Maxwell\u2019s 1945 autobiographical novel The Folded Leaf provided an invaluable look backward at U of I student life in the 1920s.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn2studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref2studentlife\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Maxwell pulled no punches in his account, even telling of his 1928 suicide attempt.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn3studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref3studentlife\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The Greeks dominated student life during the 1920s. By the end of the decade, the University could legitimately call itself the fraternity and sorority \u201ccapital of the world.\u201d Over one-third of the student body belonged to one of the 88 fraternities and 44 sororities on campus in 1929.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn4studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref4studentlife\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Besides room and board, Greek organizations offered students comradeship, \u201cdancing and dates,\u201d and that highly prized, elusive commodity known as \u201cprestige.\u201d Independents did not have prestige and were looked down upon by the Greeks as \u201cBarbs\u201d\u2013short for \u201cBarbarians.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Greeks had distinctions among themselves. Certain Greek houses were \u201crated\u201d higher than others, and individual Greek men and women were judged similarly. \u201cA woman to rate must be fairly pretty, dance well, be able to talk glibly (not necessarily intelligently) about dancing and shows and people about the campus,\u201d the Daily Illini explained in 1926. \u201c. . . She must wear good clothes, and must have a snappy come back . . . for almost any line. She must be willing to listen part of the time, and must betray a certain interest in what her date wants to talk about.\u201d For a fraternity man to rate high, he \u201cmust know reasonably well how to wear clothes, and be able to dance with some proficiency. He must have some interesting topic of conversation and be willing to listen to the woman. He must not have any noticeable idiosyncrasies and be reasonably well mannered.\u201d Also, owning a car was a big plus.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn5studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref5studentlife\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Fraternity and sorority members set the tone for student culture in the 1920s. Flappers were often sorority women, and \u201cJoe College,\u201d with his class cap, clay pipe, and raccoon coat, usually belonged to a fraternity. Most of the era\u2019s \u201ccrazy cars\u201d\u2013wildly decorated rust-buckets\u2013were owned by fraternity men.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn6studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref6studentlife\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0The Greeks also did much of the dating and dancing on campus. And there was a lot of dancing going on in the 1920s. During a single May weekend in 1927 a whopping forty-six dances were held near campus.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn7studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref7studentlife\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Palatial new fraternity and sorority houses served as the setting for many of these dances. Greek house building boomed during the 1920s. Between 1926 and 1928\u2014the peak years of the boom\u2014some 26 chapter houses were constructed at a cost of roughly $2 million dollars. These opulent residences exhibited a hodgepodge of architectural styles ranging from Tudor Revival to Georgian and Neo-classical, with even a few exotic Chateauesque, French Eclectic, Italian Renaissance, and Mission specimens thrown into the mix.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn8studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref8studentlife\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cWith the recent progress in sorority and fraternity building, Illinois can now boast one of the most beautiful campuses in the country, as far as the chapter houses of the national organizations are concerned,\u201d the Daily Illini puffed in 1929, near the end of the construction boom. \u201cFew chapters of any organization have any more lavish and pretentious residences in any school than they have at Illinois.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn9studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref9studentlife\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Long on the sidelines, the Independents\u2014mostly scattered in boardinghouses across campus\u2013finally began to organize during the 1920s. Spearheaded by Irene Pierson, the Woman\u2019s Group System (WGS) sought to \u201cbring the advantages of organized life to the unorganized.\u201d Under this scheme, Independent women were assembled into groups according to their residences, and these groups in turn formed a council of the Woman\u2019s League, just as individual sororities make up the Pan-Hellenic Council. \u201cGroup activities were thus stimulated equally among all women,\u201d historian Carl Stephens explained.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn10studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref10studentlife\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0For the Independent men, a so-called \u201cunit system\u201d was set up to enable every man to take part \u201cin all of the intramural activities that fraternities engaged in.\u201d There were eighty-six separate geographical units, each of which had its own name, constitution, and set of officers.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn11studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref11studentlife\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0The \u201cunit system\u201d died out after its originator was graduated, but the idea was revived several years later by W. J. \u201cJohnny\u201d Granata, \u201ca politician de luxe.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn12studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref12studentlife\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Granata also promoted the Independent Council, which, according to Stephens, \u201chelped freshmen with registration, sponsored bridge, billiard, and athletic tournaments, dances and smokers.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn13studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref13studentlife\">[13]<\/a><br \/>\nBesides the Greek and Independent organizations, there were over one hundred student groups catering to every possible interest. For religiously-inclined students, the emergence of religious foundations on campus in the 1910s and 1920s seemed to be the answer to their prayers. In 1913 the Wesley Foundation\u2013\u201cthe first institution of its kind\u201d\u2013led the way in providing religious instruction to U of I students.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn14studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref14studentlife\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0During the 1920s, more religious foundations followed, a trend encouraged by President David Kinley, a devout Presbyterian. \u201cThere can be no complete education without religious training,\u201d Kinley once declared.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn15studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref15studentlife\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0By the end of Kinley\u2019s decade-long tenure as U of I president, there were six foundations on the campus: Wesley (Methodist), Newman (Roman Catholic), Hillel (Jewish), McKinley (Presbyterian), Disciples of Christ, and Congregationalist. Besides offering religious instruction, the foundations served as social and recreational centers for students of a common faith.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn16studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref16studentlife\">[16]<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>References<\/h5>\n<p><small><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref1studentlife\" name=\"_ftn1studentlife\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Carl Stephens, \u201cThe University of Illinois\u2013A History, 1867-1947,\u201d Carl Stephens Manuscript History (26\/1\/21), Chapter 9, 26-27, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref2studentlife\" name=\"_ftn2studentlife\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0William Maxwell,\u00a0<em>The Folded Leaf<\/em>\u00a0(New York: Vintage International, 1996).<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref3studentlife\" name=\"_ftn3studentlife\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Urbana Daily Courier<\/em>, 27 April 1928.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref4studentlife\" name=\"_ftn4studentlife\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Robert Jacobs, \u201cThe Fraternity System at the University of Illinois,\u201d Greek Affairs Subject File (41\/2\/48), B: 55, F: Jacobs, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref5studentlife\" name=\"_ftn5studentlife\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 26 May 1926.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref6studentlife\" name=\"_ftn6studentlife\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Stephens, Chapter 9, 32-33.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref7studentlife\" name=\"_ftn7studentlife\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Thomas Arkle Clark to David Kinley, 6 May 1927, Dean of Men General Correspondence (41\/2\/1), B: 43, F: Kinley, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref8studentlife\" name=\"_ftn8studentlife\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 18 March 1928.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref9studentlife\" name=\"_ftn9studentlife\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 21 April 1929.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref10studentlife\" name=\"_ftn10studentlife\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Stephens, Chapter 9, 28-29.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref11studentlife\" name=\"_ftn11studentlife\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 34-35.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref12studentlife\" name=\"_ftn12studentlife\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Thomas Arkle Clark to Harry Woodburn Chase, 4 May 1931, Dean of Men General Correspondence (41\/2\/1), B: 51, F: Chase, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref13studentlife\" name=\"_ftn13studentlife\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0Stephens, Chapter 9, 35.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref14studentlife\" name=\"_ftn14studentlife\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 17 March 1928.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref15studentlife\" name=\"_ftn15studentlife\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 8 March 1925.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref16studentlife\" name=\"_ftn16studentlife\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0Stephens, Chapter 9, 41.<\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id6_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id6_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id6\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id6\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id6\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id6\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<p>The \u201crevolution in morals and manners\u201d of the 1920s pitted many free-spirited students against their more conservative and authoritarian elders. Dean of Men Thomas Arkle Clark was firmly on one side of the generation gap. Dismissing the 1920s as \u201can unconventional era,\u201d Clark continued to exercise close supervision over the male students in the belief that they were \u201cirresponsible, thoughtless, and without the ability to think for themselves,\u201d in the words of the Daily Illini.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn1studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref1studentreg\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Walter Deuel, a 1926 U of I grad, was on the other side of the generational divide. \u201cI\u2019ve enjoyed guzzling drinks, and necked some too,\u201d Deuel wrote to Clark in 1929. \u201cBut I think it\u2019s too bad to keep on treating college men and women like a gang of irresponsible ten-year-olds.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn2studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref2studentreg\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Writing in 1927, the Daily Illini claimed that the U of I had a national reputation as \u201cthe most Puritanical seat of higher learning.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn3studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref3studentreg\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Clark deserved much of the credit for this alleged reputation. \u201cThe dean is credited by the average undergraduate with divine powers\u2014conscience, omnipotence, omnipresence,\u201d the student newspaper reported. \u201cHe or his agents are looked for behind every tree, in every stranger, and in every booth.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn4studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref4studentreg\">[4]<\/a><br \/>\nWith its changing moral notions, the decade of the 1920s posed a particular challenge for the conservative Dean of Men. Much to the consternation of people like Clark, many youth of the era hungrily embraced what one author memorably called the \u201cmodernity of jazz and jungle dancing, of raw styles and rouge, of novels and frankness and unashamed sex.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn5studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref5studentreg\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0The flapper, with her \u201cbobbed hair, stream-line eyebrows, plastered cheeks, rouged lips, form-exposing skirt, and throaty voice,\u201d became a symbol of the decade\u2019s unconventionality and sexual openness.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn6studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref6studentreg\">[6]<\/a><br \/>\nClark had \u201cscant sympathy\u201d for student \u201clove-making\u201d and deplored the \u201cpetting\u201d phenomenon that swept college campuses in the 1920s.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn7studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref7studentreg\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cIntimate physical contact is not necessary to enjoyment between the sexes,\u201d he flatly asserted.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn8studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref8studentreg\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0A Daily Illini editor openly wondered whether the mighty Dean of Men had \u201cat last encountered something which defies even the unlimited powers of the University administrative authorities?\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn9studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref9studentreg\">[9]<\/a><br \/>\nClark\u2019s concerns about the era\u2019s increasing sexual freedom were shared by many others. In 1922 a wealthy Vermilion County farmer reported that he had heard \u201c183 girls went wrong in one year\u201d at the U of I; as a result, he told his daughters that \u201cthey could attend any school in the United States . . . except the University of Illinois.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn10studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref10studentreg\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Dean of Agriculture Eugene Davenport took issue with this claim, saying that in his twenty-eight years at the University he knew of \u201cbut two or three instances where a girl in this institution went wrong.\u201d \u201cThe people attending here are from the best families in the best communities,\u201d Davenport wrote, \u201cand the very best conditions are maintained which can possibly be maintained among young people.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn11studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref11studentreg\">[11]<\/a><br \/>\nDrinking was another favorite past-time of many students in the Prohibition era. In November 1923 a senior described the scene inside a caravan of Pullman cars journeying from Champaign to Columbus for a big football game. \u201cThose Pullmans were certainly the wildest places I ever saw,\u201d he wrote to his girlfriend. \u201cA bottle in every hip pocket\u2013girls that never did anything out of the way in their life before were dead drunk.\u201d The entire football weekend turned out to be a \u201cgrand and glorious party,\u201d the senior declared. \u201c. . . I never saw so much booze in my life. Everyone was hilariously happy all the time. I cannot tell a lie. I guess I was too.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn12studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref12studentreg\">[12]<\/a><br \/>\nThomas Arkle Clark took a hard line against drinking. \u201cHe is credited with dismissing men for drinking without being in the least drunk,\u201d the Daily Illini said of Clark.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn13studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref13studentreg\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0The Dean of Men used his wide network of informants to uncover the local sources of illegal liquor. Writing to President Kinley in 1921, Clark reported that liquor could be obtained from a porter at Kandy\u2019s Barber Shop on Green Street and from attendants at the Orpheum Theatre. (He also told Kinley that a student secured opium and hypodermic needles at Schuler\u2019s Ice Cream Parlors on Main Street in Champaign.)<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn14studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref14studentreg\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0He investigated the matter further the following autumn and turned up additional alcohol providers, including two Green Street billiard halls, the Eat-Mor restaurant on Wright Street, certain drug stores in Champaign and Urbana, and various local physicians. Clark believed that most of the liquor was coming via automobile from Canada through Detroit and Gary, and that the principal bootleggers were \u201cGreasy\u201d Gillespie and \u201cRed\u201d Ludwig, two veterans of the Champaign-Urbana vice scene.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn15studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref15studentreg\">[15]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Illegal liquor continued to flow into the area throughout the 1920s. In the spring of 1927 none other than Eliot Ness\u2013the future \u201cUntouchable\u201d and antagonist of Al Capone\u2013made an appearance in Champaign-Urbana as a Prohibition enforcer. Wearing \u201cthe official pin of Sigma Alpha Epsilon . . . and dressed in clothes that would do credit to the most representative man on campus,\u201d Ness looked every inch the collegian as he gathered evidence against eight \u201cresorts\u201d selling illegal \u201cbooze.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn16studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref16studentreg\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0However, the efforts of Prohibition agents like Ness barely made a dent in the local liquor trade. The following year, Thomas Arkle Clark reported that four Champaign men were operating \u201cspeak-easies\u201d within sight of the police station, their alcohol apparently being furnished by Chicago and St. Louis bootleggers. These \u201cdives\u201d offered gambling as well as liquor. According to Clark, a student won $600 in one establishment and lost it in another!<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn17studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref17studentreg\">[17]<\/a><br \/>\nClark considered the automobile to be a significant promoter of drinking, \u201csocial immorality,\u201d and bad scholarship as well as \u201ca great time and money waster,\u201d and, as a result, he sought to severely restrict car usage among students.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn18studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref18studentreg\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0By the mid-1920s there were at least 148 student cars in the campus area, most owned by fraternities; less than a decade before, very few students owned autos, and it was possible \u201cto amble, not car-dodge, across Wright Street.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn19studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref19studentreg\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0As early as 1923, Clark wrote to President Kinley expressing alarm at the increasing number of cars on campus and saying that he wished \u201cnone of our students here had automobiles.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn20studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref20studentreg\">[20]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Clark got his way in 1926 when the Council of Administration imposed a student car ban. The ban wasn\u2019t total: exceptions were granted \u201cin cases of proved necessity.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn21studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref21studentreg\">[21]<\/a>\u00a0For example, Garland Grange, Red\u2019s brother, received permission to drive his car home to Wheaton on weekends. The Council, however, granted Grange\u2019s request only reluctantly since \u201cthe student who goes home at week-ends finds it almost impossible to do good college work,\u201d Clark explained.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn22studentreg\" name=\"_ftnref22studentreg\">[22]<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>References<\/h5>\n<p><small><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref1studentreg\" name=\"_ftn1studentreg\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 23 October 1930; 18 May 1926.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref2studentreg\" name=\"_ftn2studentreg\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Walter Deuel to Thomas Arkle Clark, 2 May 1929, Dean of Men General Correspondence (41\/2\/1), B: 47, F: Deuel, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref3studentreg\" name=\"_ftn3studentreg\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 21 December 1927.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref4studentreg\" name=\"_ftn4studentreg\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL19260518.2.49\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ibid., 18 May 1926.<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref5studentreg\" name=\"_ftn5studentreg\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Lynn Montross and Lois Seyster Montross,\u00a0<em>Town and Gown<\/em>\u00a0(New York: George H. Doran Company, 1923), 186-87.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref6studentreg\" name=\"_ftn6studentreg\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 15 February 1921.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref7studentreg\" name=\"_ftn7studentreg\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 18 May 1926.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref8studentreg\" name=\"_ftn8studentreg\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 23 October 1930.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref9studentreg\" name=\"_ftn9studentreg\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 24 October 1930.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref10studentreg\" name=\"_ftn10studentreg\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Arthur Lumbrick to David Kinley, 27 July 1922, David Kinley General Correspondence (2\/6\/1), B: 62, F: LO-LY, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref11studentreg\" name=\"_ftn11studentreg\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Eugene Davenport to Arthur Lumbrick, 28 July 1922, ibid.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref12studentreg\" name=\"_ftn12studentreg\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Logan Peirce to Nina Ruth Harding, 27 November 1923, Nina Ruth Harding Papers (41\/20\/155), B: 2, F: Nov. 27, 1923-Sept. 30, 1924, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref13studentreg\" name=\"_ftn13studentreg\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 18 May 1926.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref14studentreg\" name=\"_ftn14studentreg\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0Thomas Arkle Clark to David Kinley, 10 February 1921, Dean of Men General Correspondence (41\/2\/1), B: 24, F: Kinley.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref15studentreg\" name=\"_ftn15studentreg\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0Clark to Kinley, 17 November 1921, Dean of Men General Correspondence (41\/2\/1), B: 28, F: Kinley.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref16studentreg\" name=\"_ftn16studentreg\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Urbana Daily Courier<\/em>, 26 May 1927.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref17studentreg\" name=\"_ftn17studentreg\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0Thomas Arkle Clark to Council of Administration, 21 February 1928, Council of Administration Minutes (3\/1\/1), Volume 29, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref18studentreg\" name=\"_ftn18studentreg\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0Thomas Arkle Clark to David Kinley, 24 October 1923, Dean of Men General Correspondence (41\/2\/1), B: 34, F: Kinley.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref19studentreg\" name=\"_ftn19studentreg\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Illinois Alumni News<\/em>, December 1925.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref20studentreg\" name=\"_ftn20studentreg\">[20]<\/a>\u00a0Clark to Kinley, 24 October 1923, Dean of Men General Correspondence (41\/2\/1), B: 34, F: Kinley.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref21studentreg\" name=\"_ftn21studentreg\">[21]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 15 July 1926.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref22studentreg\" name=\"_ftn22studentreg\">[22]<\/a>\u00a0Thomas Arkle Clark to Garland Grange, 4 February 1927, Dean of Men General Correspondence (41\/2\/1), B: 42,<\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3>Further Resources<\/h3>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-grid sh-grid-cols-1 md:sh-grid-cols-12 sh-gap-3\"><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_434\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-434\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=896&amp;q=women%27s+league&amp;_gl=1*z4a1de*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMS4xNzE2MjMyNjg4LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-434 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_Eloise-Allen_ca1922-1200x775-1-300x194.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_Eloise-Allen_ca1922-1200x775-1-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_Eloise-Allen_ca1922-1200x775-1-1024x661.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_Eloise-Allen_ca1922-1200x775-1-768x496.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_Eloise-Allen_ca1922-1200x775-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-434\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women&#8217;s League Records<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_607\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-607\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=1381&amp;_gl=1*1mi8sv0*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIyODIwMC4yMzcuMS4xNzE2MjMyNjg4LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-607\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/fraternityhouses.sellerscollection.uiaa552-1024x650-1-300x190.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/fraternityhouses.sellerscollection.uiaa552-1024x650-1-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/fraternityhouses.sellerscollection.uiaa552-1024x650-1-768x488.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/fraternityhouses.sellerscollection.uiaa552-1024x650-1.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-607\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Intrafraternity Council and Panhellenic Council Publications<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_687\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-687\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/voices\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-687\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/oral-header-collage-300x230.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/oral-header-collage-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/oral-header-collage.jpg 724w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-687\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oral History Portal Logo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-grid sh-grid-cols-1 md:sh-grid-cols-12 sh-gap-3\"><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_701\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-701\" style=\"width: 219px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/slc\/2015\/03\/26\/springtime-at-illinois-the-1927-roller-skating-craze\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-701\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Siren_April19272-749x1024-1-219x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"219\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Siren_April19272-749x1024-1-219x300.jpg 219w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Siren_April19272-749x1024-1.jpg 749w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-701\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u201cThe 1927 Roller Skating Craze\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_565\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-565\" style=\"width: 191px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=core\/search&amp;subjectid=1302&amp;_gl=1*11f6fbn*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIzNDY2NC4yMzguMS4xNzE2MjM0NjY4LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-565\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Capture-176-191x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"191\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Capture-176-191x300.png 191w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Capture-176.png 411w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 191px) 100vw, 191px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-565\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dean of Men Records<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_358\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-358\" style=\"width: 212px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.hathitrust.org\/Record\/001390867\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-358\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020Fac4_DeanClark-722x1024-1-212x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"212\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020Fac4_DeanClark-722x1024-1-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020Fac4_DeanClark-722x1024-1.jpg 722w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 212px) 100vw, 212px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-358\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sunday eight o&#8217;clock, brief sermons for the undergraduate<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-grid sh-grid-cols-1 md:sh-grid-cols-12 sh-gap-3\"><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_915\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-915\" style=\"width: 232px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/digital.library.illinois.edu\/collections\/c9b58580-c5b5-0134-237b-0050569601ca-6\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-915\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/default-232x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/default-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/default.jpg 396w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-915\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facts for Freshmen, 1914<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_353\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-353\" style=\"width: 252px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3876&amp;_gl=1*q6jqf2*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIzNDY2NC4yMzguMS4xNzE2MjM0ODgwLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-353\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Thomas-Arkle-Clark_ca1910-757x1200-2-252x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"252\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Thomas-Arkle-Clark_ca1910-757x1200-2-252x300.jpg 252w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Thomas-Arkle-Clark_ca1910-757x1200-2.jpg 433w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 252px) 100vw, 252px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-353\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thomas Arkle Clark, n.d. (RS 41\/20\/23)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_388\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-388\" style=\"width: 208px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu\/oca\/Books2008-09\/siren\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-388\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108804_Siren_Apr1912-830x1200-1-208x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"208\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108804_Siren_Apr1912-830x1200-1-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108804_Siren_Apr1912-830x1200-1-708x1024.jpg 708w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108804_Siren_Apr1912-830x1200-1-768x1110.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108804_Siren_Apr1912-830x1200-1.jpg 830w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 208px) 100vw, 208px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-388\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Siren Magazine Digital Collection<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-707\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/sports-icon-1200x120-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/sports-icon-1200x120-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/sports-icon-1200x120-1-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/sports-icon-1200x120-1-1024x102.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/sports-icon-1200x120-1-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Traditions &amp; Sports<\/h2>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"x-text\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_362\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-362\" style=\"width: 149px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=1410&amp;_gl=1*1e8onp6*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIzNDY2NC4yMzguMS4xNzE2MjM1MzI0LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-362 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_Grange_1924-595x1200-1-149x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"149\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_Grange_1924-595x1200-1-149x300.jpg 149w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_Grange_1924-595x1200-1-508x1024.jpg 508w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_Grange_1924-595x1200-1.jpg 595w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 149px) 100vw, 149px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-362\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H.E. (Red) Grange, 1924<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Old traditions like the May Fete and Interscholastic Circus started fading in the 1920s as students preferred to see movies, listen to radio, shop, and attending sporting events. Class gifts continued, however, including sponsorship of Lorado Taft\u2019s Alma Mater statue.<\/p>\n<p>Homecoming also remained wildly popular, especially due to football coach Robert Zuppke\u2019s three Big Ten Titles and presence of star player Red Grange. It was Grange\u2019s phenomenal performance in October 1924, in fact, that put college football on the national map. He was not the only sports phenomenon, however. Student Harold Osborn won gold medals in decathalon and high jump at the 1924 Paris Olympics, shattering world records.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_458\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-458\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3306&amp;q=41%2F20%2F128&amp;_gl=1*1m18pb4*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIzNDY2NC4yMzguMS4xNzE2MjM1MzI0LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-458\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120128_Osborne-world-record_ca1923-1200x818-1-300x205.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120128_Osborne-world-record_ca1923-1200x818-1-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120128_Osborne-world-record_ca1923-1200x818-1-1024x698.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120128_Osborne-world-record_ca1923-1200x818-1-768x524.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120128_Osborne-world-record_ca1923-1200x818-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-458\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osborne World Record, circa 1923<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_290\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-290\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=6056&amp;_gl=1*yskymm*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIzNDY2NC4yMzguMS4xNzE2MjM1MzI0LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-290\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Alma-Mater-dedication_1929-1200x837-1-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Alma-Mater-dedication_1929-1200x837-1-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Alma-Mater-dedication_1929-1200x837-1-1024x714.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Alma-Mater-dedication_1929-1200x837-1-768x536.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Alma-Mater-dedication_1929-1200x837-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-290\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alma Mater Dedication, 1926<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id7_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id7_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id7\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id7\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id7\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id7\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<p>With the rise of consumer culture and modern mass entertainment in the 1920s, students\u2013like most everyone else\u2013began spending much of their free hours shopping, watching motion pictures, listening to radio shows and records, attending sporting events, and reading the latest best-sellers. Busy doing other things, students had less time to devote to traditional U of I activities. Perhaps not surprisingly then, such long-running University traditions as the May Fete and the Interscholastic Circus started sliding toward oblivion.<\/p>\n<p>Not all was bleak on the tradition front, however. Homecoming\u2013the University\u2019s preeminent tradition\u2014remained exceptionally popular, becoming increasingly \u201cpretentious,\u201d and reached a peak of sorts in 1924 when some 67,000 spectators at the new Memorial Stadium watched Harold \u201cRed\u201d Grange gallop into history against Michigan.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn1sports\" name=\"_ftnref1sports\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Continuing the long tradition of senior gifts, five thousand alumni from the classes of 1923 through 1929 as well as others helped make Lorado Taft\u2019s \u201cAlma Mater\u201d a reality.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn2sports\" name=\"_ftnref2sports\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cI have always had a desire to personify the college which is so dear to my boyhood,\u201d Taft confessed in a 1929 letter. \u201cAll through life I have retained a romantic love for my Alma Mater and have long been dreaming of this group.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn3sports\" name=\"_ftnref3sports\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Also, several new traditions were launched in the 1920s: Dad\u2019s Day in 1920; Mom\u2019s Day in 1921; and Chief Illiniwek in 1926.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn4sports\" name=\"_ftnref4sports\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=554&amp;_gl=1*tc4cxt*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNjIzNDY2NC4yMzguMS4xNzE2MjM1MzI0LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-17\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0000120-1200x860-1-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0000120-1200x860-1-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0000120-1200x860-1-1024x734.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0000120-1200x860-1-768x550.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0000120-1200x860-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lester Leutwiler created the Chief Illiniwek halftime performance in 1926. The Chief was retired in 2007.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Usually occurring in the early spring or after a great athletic victory, the student celebration or \u201criot\u201d was one tradition that University officials hoped would go away. During these \u201ccelebrations\u201d\u2014first held during the James administration\u2014groups of students brandishing guns, horns, cow-bells, whistles, and the like marched on downtown Champaign and stormed theater doors there, attempting to get inside for a free show.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn5sports\" name=\"_ftnref5sports\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0A crowd of thousands\u2013made up of U of I students, high schoolers, grade schoolers, and \u201ca large collection of citizens of all ages\u201d\u2013turned out for the 1926 \u201cspring celebration\u201d when the Virginia Theatre was besieged with stones and bricks. Repulsed at the Virginia, the marchers then advanced on the Orpheum but were beaten back by policemen wielding billy clubs and blackjacks.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn6sports\" name=\"_ftnref6sports\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cBloody noses, black eyes, and lacerations caused by blackjacks were more numerous last night than in spring celebrations of the past three years,\u201d the Daily Illini noted. Seven people were injured in the melee, and nearly fifty students were put on probation for their role in the \u201ccelebration.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn7sports\" name=\"_ftnref7sports\">[7]<\/a><br \/>\nBack in the autumn of 1912, George Huff had ended an earlier student \u201criot\u201d by making \u201cthe most impassioned speech ever heard from the lips of the veteran athletic director.\u201d \u201cIf you want to kill football,\u201d Huff declared to the students, who were celebrating a football victory, \u201cthis is the way to do it; you\u2019re killing it now. There has been talk of abolishing football here because of just such things as this . . .\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn8sports\" name=\"_ftnref8sports\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Football of course wasn\u2019t abolished, and Huff\u2019s hiring of Robert Zuppke not long after this speech paved the way for Illini football\u2019s \u201cgolden age\u201d in the 1920s. Under Coach Zuppke, 1920\u2019s-era Illinois teams won or shared three Big Ten titles and claimed the national championship twice, in 1923 and 1927.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn9sports\" name=\"_ftnref9sports\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0The new Memorial Stadium greatly contributed to the success of Illini football in this period. \u201cA gift of the alumni and people of Illinois, the stadium was the key factor in the \u2018golden\u2019 era of Illinois football,\u201d archivist and historian Maynard Brichford wrote. \u201cFrom 1923 to 1930, football began producing substantial profits on the field, in the grandstands and in the accounting office.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn10sports\" name=\"_ftnref10sports\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>On the warm Homecoming afternoon that Memorial Stadium was officially dedicated, junior Harold \u201cRed\u201d Grange scored five touchdowns on the ground (and threw a pass for a sixth) against a heavily favored Michigan team. Grange\u2019s phenomenal performance that day\u2014October 18, 1924\u2013 helped put college football on the national map and turned the newly built Memorial Stadium into an instant historic landmark.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn11sports\" name=\"_ftnref11sports\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Grange turned pro after the 1925 season, signing a contract with the Chicago Bears. Coach Zuppke lamented Grange\u2019s departure. \u201cMy main regret,\u201d Zuppke told a crowd, \u201cis that Grange will no more finish University than the Kaiser will go back to Germany.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn12sports\" name=\"_ftnref12sports\">[12]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Dean of Men Thomas Arkle Clark may have been one of the only Illini not sorry to see \u201cRed\u201d go. In early 1925 Clark had chastised Grange for missing two many classes. \u201cI should say within the last year you have been absent almost one-third of the time,\u201d the dean wrote. \u201cYou can\u2019t do this any longer and get by with it, for you are gradually slipping.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn13sports\" name=\"_ftnref13sports\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0The following autumn, President Kinley himself intervened in the situation, telling Grange it was \u201cimperative that you get back into your classes at once in order to avoid being dropped for cutting.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn14sports\" name=\"_ftnref14sports\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0Shortly after Grange left the University, Clark unburdened himself in a December 4, 1925, letter to William Lodge, president of the Dads\u2019 Association. \u201cIt seems to me the wisest thing to make no comment at all,\u201d the dean asserted, \u201cbut simply to hope that the time will come when Red will appreciate what has been done for him by his friends who have furnished him money on which to go to college, by the University authorities who have borne with his irregularities and who have given him more consideration than all the other members of the team combined, and by his team mates who made it possible for him to attain the popularity and the distinction which are his.\u201d Clark continued: \u201cNo one knows better than you that Red has been a very serious problem to us all, especially the last two years. Though I would be the last to criticize him publicly, and have not done so, I think it would be foolish to commend him.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn15sports\" name=\"_ftnref15sports\">[15]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Harold Marion Osborn was another stand-out Illinois athlete in the 1920s. The product of a central Illinois farm family, Osborn attended the University from 1919 until 1922. An exceptional all-around athlete, he helped Harry Gill\u2019s track team capture both the indoor and outdoor Big Ten titles three years in a row. In the 1924 Paris Olympics Osborn won gold medals in both the decathlon and the high jump, breaking Olympic records in the process. His victory in the decathlon shattered a world record as well and gained for him renown as \u201cthe world\u2019s greatest athlete.\u201d He would win 17 national titles and set six world records during his career. In 1974 he was inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame along with Jesse Owens, Babe Didriksen Zaharias, Bob Mathias, and Wilma Rudolph.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftn16sports\" name=\"_ftnref16sports\">[16]<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>References<\/h5>\n<p><small><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref1sports\" name=\"_ftn1sports\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0John Franch, \u201cIllinois Homecoming: A Century of Spirit,\u201d\u00a0<em>Illinois Alumni<\/em>\u00a023 (Fall 2010), 22.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref2sports\" name=\"_ftn2sports\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 18 September 1932.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref3sports\" name=\"_ftn3sports\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Muriel Scheinman, \u201cLabors of Love: Lorado Taft\u2014the Sculptor behind the \u2018Alma Mater\u2019\u2013Embraced Both His Art and His University, Illinois Alumni 22 (March 2010).<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref4sports\" name=\"_ftn4sports\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Carl Stephens, \u201cThe University of Illinois\u2013A History, 1867-1947,\u201d Carl Stephens Manuscript History (26\/1\/21), Chapter 9, 13, University of Illinois Archives; ibid., Chapter 10, 39-40.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref5sports\" name=\"_ftn5sports\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., Chapter 6, 35.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref6sports\" name=\"_ftn6sports\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Thomas Arkle Clark to David Kinley, 22 March 1926, Dean of Men General Correspondence (41\/2\/1), B: 40, F: Kinley, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref7sports\" name=\"_ftn7sports\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Daily Illini,<\/em>\u00a019 March 1926.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref8sports\" name=\"_ftn8sports\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 20 October 1912.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref9sports\" name=\"_ftn9sports\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Maynard Brichford,\u00a0<em>Bob Zuppke: The Life and Football Legacy of the Illinois Coach<\/em>\u00a0(Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland and Company, 2008), 72-73.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref10sports\" name=\"_ftn10sports\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 72.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref11sports\" name=\"_ftn11sports\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Franch, 22.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref12sports\" name=\"_ftn12sports\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 24 November 1925.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref13sports\" name=\"_ftn13sports\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0Thomas Arkle Clark to Harold Grange, 27 February 1925, Dean of Men General Correspondence (41\/2\/1), B: 36, F: Gr-Gu.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref14sports\" name=\"_ftn14sports\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0David Kinley to Harold Grange, 14 November 1925, ibid., B: 40, F: Kinley,.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref15sports\" name=\"_ftn15sports\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0Thomas Arkle Clark to William Lodge, 4 December 1925, ibid., B: 40, F: Kl-Lo.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-jazz-age\/#_ftnref16sports\" name=\"_ftn16sports\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=4393\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harold Osborn Papers<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the University of Illinois, the 1920s was a decade of physical growth\u2014rising enrollment and rising buildings\u2014and academic stagnation. New York architect Charles Platt gave Illinois a signature Georgian Revival architectural style and a campus plan for the ages. Illinois football reached new heights as Harold \u201cRed\u201d Grange galloped into history. And the students let [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":245,"featured_media":695,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"hero-img-template.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-903","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/903","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/245"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=903"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/903\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1061,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/903\/revisions\/1061"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/695"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=903"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}