{"id":765,"date":"2024-05-15T19:02:50","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T19:02:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/?page_id=765"},"modified":"2024-06-06T15:27:06","modified_gmt":"2024-06-06T15:27:06","slug":"the-early-years-1867-1904","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/the-early-years-1867-1904\/","title":{"rendered":"The Early Years | 1867 &#8211; 1904"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A child of the Morrill Act, the University of Illinois began life in 1867 as the Illinois Industrial University: the school\u2019s radical mission was to extend higher<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_332\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-332\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-332 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_OldUniBuilding_ca1870-1200x932-1-300x233.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_OldUniBuilding_ca1870-1200x932-1-300x233.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_OldUniBuilding_ca1870-1200x932-1-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_OldUniBuilding_ca1870-1200x932-1-768x596.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_OldUniBuilding_ca1870-1200x932-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-332\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Old University Building (Elephant), c1870<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>education to members of the working-class. With too few students and too little money, the University languished for years in obscurity. Near the end of the century, the students and alumni helped give the school a new start, and the U of I moved forward under the leadership of Thomas J. Burrill and Andrew Draper. A skilled administrator, Draper placed the University on a firm foundation. His successor would take the U of I to the next level.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Related Links<\/h2>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-grid sh-grid-cols-1 md:sh-grid-cols-12 sh-gap-3\"><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-3 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_200\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-200\" style=\"width: 216px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUcourseofstudy1869-865x1200-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-200 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUcourseofstudy1869-865x1200-1-216x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"216\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUcourseofstudy1869-865x1200-1-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUcourseofstudy1869-865x1200-1-738x1024.jpg 738w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUcourseofstudy1869-865x1200-1-768x1065.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUcourseofstudy1869-865x1200-1.jpg 865w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-200\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advertisement for Illinois Industrial University, 1870 (RS 2\/1\/5)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-3 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_682\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-682\" style=\"width: 201px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/new-Advertisement-1877.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-682 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/new-Advertisement-1877-201x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"201\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/new-Advertisement-1877-201x300.jpg 201w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/new-Advertisement-1877-686x1024.jpg 686w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/new-Advertisement-1877-768x1147.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/new-Advertisement-1877.jpg 793w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-682\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advertisement for Illinois Industrial University, 1877<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-3 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_321\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-321\" style=\"width: 207px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_IIUadv_1883-829x1200-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-321 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_IIUadv_1883-829x1200-1-207x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"207\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_IIUadv_1883-829x1200-1-207x300.jpg 207w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_IIUadv_1883-829x1200-1-707x1024.jpg 707w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_IIUadv_1883-829x1200-1-768x1112.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_IIUadv_1883-829x1200-1.jpg 829w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 207px) 100vw, 207px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-321\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advertisement for Illinois Industrial University, 1883<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-3 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_326\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-326\" style=\"width: 216px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/cu31924030583300\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-326 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_JBTurner_1860s-862x1200-1-216x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"216\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_JBTurner_1860s-862x1200-1-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_JBTurner_1860s-862x1200-1-736x1024.jpg 736w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_JBTurner_1860s-862x1200-1-768x1069.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_JBTurner_1860s-862x1200-1.jpg 862w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-326\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Life of Jonathan Baldwin Turner by Mary Turner Carriel (University of Illinois Press, 1911)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-grid sh-grid-cols-1 md:sh-grid-cols-12 sh-gap-3\"><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_310\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-310\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=4361&amp;_gl=1*61swx8*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyMTA3My4yMTcuMS4xNzE1NjIyMDcwLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-310 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1-300x238.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1-1024x812.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1-768x609.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-310\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Old University Building (Elephant), May 1870<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_356\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-356\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=4420&amp;_gl=1*61swx8*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyMTA3My4yMTcuMS4xNzE1NjIyMDcwLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-356\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_VetHallc1870s-1200x991-1-300x248.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_VetHallc1870s-1200x991-1-300x248.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_VetHallc1870s-1200x991-1-1024x846.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_VetHallc1870s-1200x991-1-768x634.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_VetHallc1870s-1200x991-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-356\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Veterinary Hall and Experimental Farm, 1870s (RS 39\/2\/20)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_36\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-36\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/digital.library.illinois.edu\/items\/e705ad20-7ee5-0135-017e-0050569601ca-4#?cv=0&amp;r=0&amp;xywh=-1169%2C-110%2C5203%2C2199\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-36\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0001801_UIViewbookThumbnail-1200x829-1-300x207.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0001801_UIViewbookThumbnail-1200x829-1-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0001801_UIViewbookThumbnail-1200x829-1-1024x707.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0001801_UIViewbookThumbnail-1200x829-1-768x531.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0001801_UIViewbookThumbnail-1200x829-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-36\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">UI Viewbook, 1893<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<ul id=\"\" class=\"x-ul-icons\">\n<li id=\"\" class=\"x-li-icon\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/somefoundingpape00hatc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Some Founding Papers of the University of Illinois<\/em>\u00a0(UI Press, 1968)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"\" class=\"x-li-icon\"><i class=\"x-icon-link\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-x-icon-s=\"\uf0c1\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/historyofgrowthd00tilt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>History of the growth and development of the campus of the University of Illinois\u00a0<\/em>(UI Press, 1930)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"\" class=\"x-li-icon\"><i class=\"x-icon-link\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-x-icon-s=\"\uf0c1\"><\/i><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/06\/Educating-the-Sons-of-Toil-UIUC-March-2017.pdf\">\u201cEducating the Sons of Toil: Student Life at the University of Illinois, The Early Years\u201d Presentation by J. Gregory Behle, University Archives Sesquicentennial Series, March 2, 2017 (PDF)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-511 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/admin-icon-1024x102-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/admin-icon-1024x102-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/admin-icon-1024x102-1-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/admin-icon-1024x102-1-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Administration<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The first regent, John Milton Gregory, championed liberal arts, freedom of electives, and student self-government, which students appreciated. He later turned authoritarian, however, causing a student rebellion in 1880 to force his resignation. His successor, another harsh disciplinarian who also opposed intercollegiate athletics and secret societies, met a similar fate in 1891.<\/p>\n<p>In light of student revolts, Acting Regent Thomas Burrill abolished the demerit system and compulsory chapel, allowed fraternities and athletics, restored elective freedom, improved the status of professors, and started the Graduate College. His successor, Andrew Draper, with support from the Illinois governor, tripled student enrollment, embarked on an ambitious campus building plan, and created the schools of Pharmacy, Dentistry, and Medicine.<\/p>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-grid sh-grid-cols-1 md:sh-grid-cols-12 sh-gap-3\"><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-1 sh-pb-3\"><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-2 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_363\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-363\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=1500&amp;_gl=1*flf3u1*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyMTA3My4yMTcuMS4xNzE1NjIyMDcwLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-363 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_Gregory1875-800x1200-1-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_Gregory1875-800x1200-1-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_Gregory1875-800x1200-1-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_Gregory1875-800x1200-1-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902022_Gregory1875-800x1200-1.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-363\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">John M. Gregory<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-2 sh-pb-3\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_320\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-320\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=3035&amp;_gl=1*1573l8n*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyMTA3My4yMTcuMS4xNzE1NjIyMDcwLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-320 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_GregoryandTrustees1869-800x1200-1-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_GregoryandTrustees1869-800x1200-1-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_GregoryandTrustees1869-800x1200-1-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_GregoryandTrustees1869-800x1200-1-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_GregoryandTrustees1869-800x1200-1.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-320\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1869 Gregory and trustees<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-2 sh-pb-3\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_337\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-337\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=5855&amp;_gl=1*1573l8n*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyMTA3My4yMTcuMS4xNzE1NjIyMDcwLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-337 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Peabody1880s-839x1200-1-210x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Peabody1880s-839x1200-1-210x300.jpg 210w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Peabody1880s-839x1200-1-716x1024.jpg 716w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Peabody1880s-839x1200-1-768x1098.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Peabody1880s-839x1200-1.jpg 839w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-337\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Selim H. Peabody<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-2 sh-pb-3\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_298\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-298\" style=\"width: 239px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=5856&amp;_gl=1*1unsz31*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyMTA3My4yMTcuMS4xNzE1NjIyMDcwLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-298 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Burrill1890-954x1200-1-239x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"239\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Burrill1890-954x1200-1-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Burrill1890-954x1200-1-814x1024.jpg 814w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Burrill1890-954x1200-1-768x966.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Burrill1890-954x1200-1.jpg 954w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 239px) 100vw, 239px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-298\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thomas J. Burrill<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-2 sh-pb-3\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_309\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-309\" style=\"width: 201px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=10099&amp;_gl=1*1unsz31*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyMTA3My4yMTcuMS4xNzE1NjIyMDcwLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-309 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Draper1894-201x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"201\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Draper1894-201x300.jpg 201w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Draper1894.jpg 244w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-309\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andrew S. Draper<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_faculty_1886-1200x754-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-313 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_faculty_1886-1200x754-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_faculty_1886-1200x754-1.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_faculty_1886-1200x754-1-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_faculty_1886-1200x754-1-1024x643.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_faculty_1886-1200x754-1-768x483.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-grid sh-grid-cols-1 md:sh-grid-cols-12 sh-gap-3\"><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Faculty 1886:<\/strong><br \/>\n1. William McMurtrie, Chemistry<br \/>\n2. Kittie M. Baker, Music<br \/>\n3. James H. Brownlee, Rhetoric and Elocution<br \/>\n4. Edward Snyder, Modern Languages<br \/>\n5. George E. Morrow, Agriculture<br \/>\n6. James Crawford, Librarian<br \/>\n7. Arthur N. Talbot, Municipal and Sanitary<br \/>\n8. Stephen Forbes, Zoology<br \/>\n9. Peter Roos, Drawing<br \/>\n10. Helen B. Gregory, English<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\">\n<p>11. Samuel Shattuck, Business Manager and Prof. Mathematics<br \/>\n12. President Selim Peabody<br \/>\n13. Joseph C. Pickard, English<br \/>\n14. N. Clifford Ricker, Dean of the College of Engineering<br \/>\n15. Thomas J. Burrill, Botany<br \/>\n16. Charles W. Rolfe, Zoology<br \/>\n17. Theodore B. Comstock, Physics<br \/>\n18. Donald McIntosh, Veterinary<br \/>\n19. Baker, Civil Engineering<br \/>\n20. Charles McClure, Commandant<br \/>\n21. Arthur T. Woods, Mechanical Engineering<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\">\n<p><strong>Buildings:<\/strong><br \/>\nA. Wood Shops and Drill Hall<br \/>\nB. Chemistry (now Harker Hall)<br \/>\nC. University Hall<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id1_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id1_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id1\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id1\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id1\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<div class=\"x-columnize\">\n<p>The University\u2019s beginnings were modest. On March 2, 1868, some fifty men passed through the doors of the five-story University Building\u2013\u201cThe Elephant,\u201d as it was popularly known\u2014to enroll on the school\u2019s first day.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0A decade later there were only 377 students at the University. The school would not surpass the 500-student mark until 1890. Money also was in short supply: state appropriations remained flat until near the end of the century.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0The \u201cbucolic school in the interior\u201d failed to generate much interest in the state. Even as late as 1894, the Chicago Herald could say that there was no such thing as the University of Illinois.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_310\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-310\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-310 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1-300x238.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1-1024x812.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1-768x609.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-310\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Old University Building (Elephant), May 1870<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">John Milton Gregory led the University during its earliest years of struggle. A Baptist minister and former Michigan educator, the bespectacled and bearded Gregory championed liberal arts education, freedom in the choice of courses, and student self-government. Opponents derided Gregory for his liberal policies, but the students respected him. Indeed, in later years, alumni from the Gregory period distinguished themselves from other classes by calling themselves \u201cGregorians.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0But, in the late 1870s, the students began to lose a measure of esteem for Gregory, apparently in part because of his \u201cunseemly\u201d behavior while courting the much younger Louisa Allen, a Domestic Science professor who he married in 1879. He reportedly was observed \u201changing over banisters, or in the corridors of the University Building holding long conversations with Miss Allen,\u201d and was said to take \u201cthe back way\u201d to Allen\u2019s boarding house, skulking around trees to get there<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Gregory ultimately assumed a more authoritarian tone against the students, and his popularity plummeted. A military rebellion helped force his resignation in 1880.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Selim Peabody, Gregory\u2019s successor, suffered a similar fate. Never a well-liked figure, the cold and aloof Peabody adopted policies that made him even more unpopular: he tightened admissions standards, did away with elective freedom, and imposed a widely hated demerit system.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Perhaps more importantly, he strongly opposed intercollegiate athletics and secret societies\u2014the two bulwarks of an emerging student culture. In 1891 a cadet rebellion\u2013aided and abetted by Chicago alumni\u2013helped usher Peabody out the door.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The students had prevailed in a struggle pitting \u201cthe ideal of discipline\u201d against \u201cthe ideal of freedom,\u201d in historian Winton Solberg\u2019s words.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Recognizing the new reality, Acting Regent Thomas J. Burrill, a long-time Botany professor, implemented sweeping reforms: the demerit system was scrapped, compulsory chapel was ended, fraternities were tolerated, and intercollegiate athletics was encouraged. On the academic front, Illinois launched a Graduate School, improved the status of professors, established extension courses, and restored elective freedom.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Burrill\u2019s reforms set the U of I on the path to becoming a modern university.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_269\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-269\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_JamesNewtonMatthews1872-798x1200-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-269 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_JamesNewtonMatthews1872-798x1200-1-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_JamesNewtonMatthews1872-798x1200-1-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_JamesNewtonMatthews1872-798x1200-1-681x1024.jpg 681w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_JamesNewtonMatthews1872-798x1200-1-768x1155.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_JamesNewtonMatthews1872-798x1200-1.jpg 798w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-269\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Newton Matthews, first matriculant, 1872<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"attachment_804\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-804\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andrew Draper continued to move the University forward. An expert educational administrator, the tough-minded Draper concerned himself with the material development of the University. Under Draper, student enrollment (at Urbana-Champaign) more than tripled, going from 810 in 1894-5 to 2,674 in 1903-4, the number of buildings jumped from six to 27, and state biennial appropriations swelled, rising from $594,938 in 1895-6 to $1,814,863 in 1903-4.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0At the beginning of his administration, Draper secured the invaluable assistance of John Peter Altgeld, the first Illinois governor to take a real interest in the University.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Draper also helped give the U of I a foothold in Chicago where schools of Pharmacy and Dentistry and a College of Medicine were established.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0According to the historian Allan Nevins, the University finally \u201cfound itself\u201d under Draper.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The students deserve much of the credit for the University\u2019s progress during these early years. They took it upon themselves to boost the fortunes of their fledging little school on the prairie. \u201cI think we all have the I. I. U\u2019s prosperity at heart,\u201d undergraduate<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/4120021_AllentoFriendDan_Dec1875-sm.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0Ralph Allen wrote a friend in 1875<\/a>, \u201cand we all know that the success of the university largely depends upon the students.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0This was not an idle boast. In 1878 the students and alumni compelled the University to issue degrees to graduates rather than mere certificates; in 1885 they successfully lobbied to change the University\u2019s name; in 1887 they helped make the Board of Trustees an elective body.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0It was the students who pushed Gregory and Peabody out.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_435\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-435\" style=\"width: 197px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=374&amp;_gl=1*t2zkk5*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMC4xNzE1NjI3OTY4LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-435 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_RalphAllenandroommates1876-789x1200-1-197x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"197\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_RalphAllenandroommates1876-789x1200-1-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_RalphAllenandroommates1876-789x1200-1-673x1024.jpg 673w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_RalphAllenandroommates1876-789x1200-1-768x1168.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_RalphAllenandroommates1876-789x1200-1.jpg 789w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 197px) 100vw, 197px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-435\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ralph Allen and roommates, 1876<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Looking back on his role as a student activist in the rebellion against Peabody, Charles Kiler was unapologetic. \u201cLet it be recorded that it was the student body that dreamed visions of a great future,\u201d Kiler wrote in 1916. \u201c . . . We did not simply want to dance and join frats, to play ball and have a good time in general\u2014we wanted a much greater and bigger thing. We wanted a chance to grow and develop as other state institutions were growing. We wanted to be in shape to compete in every way with the other institutions in the middle west who were our natural competitors.\u201d Kiler credited the classes of his era for giving the University \u201cthe kick that sent it on its way to bigger things.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"x-hr\" \/>\n<h5>References<\/h5>\n<p class=\"small\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Winton Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois, 1867-1894: An Intellectual and Cultural History\u00a0<\/em>(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1968), 99.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Allan Nevins,<em>\u00a0Illinois<\/em>\u00a0(New York: Oxford University Press, 1917), 359.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Winton Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1894-1904: The Shaping of the University<\/em>\u00a0(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000), 14.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Carl Stephens, \u201cThe University of Illinois\u2013A History, 1867-1947,\u201d Carl Stephens Manuscript History (26\/1\/21), Chapter 2, 31, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0[J. E. Stark] to Allan Nevins, 1916 May 20, Carl Stephens Papers (26\/1\/20), B: 10, F: Early Days, Ibid.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1867-94<\/em>, 207-13.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 318.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 318-26.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 325.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 343-344, 373-381.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Nevins, 359.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1894-1904<\/em>, 10-12.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 392.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0Nevins, 153.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0Ralph Allen to \u201cFriend Dan,\u201d 26 December 1875, Allen Family Papers (41\/20\/21), B: 2, F: Letters, 1875, University of<br \/>\nIllinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>University of Illinois 1867-1894<\/em>, 164-65, 225-31.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0Charles Kiler to Allan Nevins, 16 June 1916, Carl Stephens Papers (26\/1\/20), B: 10, F: Early Days, University of Illinois<br \/>\nArchives.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3>Further Resources<\/h3>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-grid sh-grid-cols-1 md:sh-grid-cols-12 sh-gap-3\"><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-6 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_205\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-205\" style=\"width: 189px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUInaugurationprogram1868p1-754x1200-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-205 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUInaugurationprogram1868p1-754x1200-1-189x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"189\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUInaugurationprogram1868p1-754x1200-1-189x300.jpg 189w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUInaugurationprogram1868p1-754x1200-1-643x1024.jpg 643w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUInaugurationprogram1868p1-754x1200-1.jpg 754w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 189px) 100vw, 189px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-205\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illinois Industrial University Inauguration program, March 11,1868<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-6 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_699\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-699\" style=\"width: 194px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/sevenlawsteachi02greggoog\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-699 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/seven-laws-of-teaching-194x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"194\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/seven-laws-of-teaching-194x300.png 194w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/seven-laws-of-teaching-661x1024.png 661w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/seven-laws-of-teaching.png 686w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 194px) 100vw, 194px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-699\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seven Laws of Teaching by John M. Gregory (1886)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<ul id=\"\" class=\"x-ul-icons\">\n<li id=\"\" class=\"x-li-icon\"><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/classifications&amp;id=3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Presidents\u2019 Papers<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"\" class=\"x-li-icon\"><i class=\"x-icon-chain\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-x-icon-s=\"\uf0c1\"><\/i><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ralph Allen\u2019s composition book<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-507 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/academics-icon-1024x102-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/academics-icon-1024x102-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/academics-icon-1024x102-1-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/academics-icon-1024x102-1-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Academics<\/h2>\n<p>\u201cLet us but demonstrate that the highest culture is compatible with the active pursuit of industry.\u201d &#8211; John Milton Gregory<\/p>\n<p>From the beginning, the new Illinois Industrial University had a split personality. The Morrill Act expected a college devoted to agriculture and the \u201cmechanical arts\u201d rather than traditional liberal arts. The first regent, John Milton Gregory, however, insisted on combining the practical with the classical, leading to creation of not only an engineering college, but colleges and schools dealing with literature, natural science, commerce, domestic science, library science, and several more.<\/p>\n<p>There were 351 faculty by century\u2019s end, including pioneering botanist Thomas Burrill; Stephen Forbes, founder of the science of ecology; agronomist Cyril G. Hopkins, whose experiments revolutionized agriculture; and Isabel Bevier, a pioneer in household science.<\/p>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id2_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id2_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id2\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id2\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id2\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_326\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-326\" style=\"width: 216px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-326 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_JBTurner_1860s-862x1200-1-216x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"216\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_JBTurner_1860s-862x1200-1-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_JBTurner_1860s-862x1200-1-736x1024.jpg 736w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_JBTurner_1860s-862x1200-1-768x1069.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_JBTurner_1860s-862x1200-1.jpg 862w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-326\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jonathan Baldwin Turner, c1860s<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The Morrill Act of 1862 gave federal land to the states to be used to underwrite the costs of building and endowing colleges\u2014but not just any colleges. The act specifically called for the establishment of a new kind of college where \u201cthe leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific or classical studies, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts.\u201d (The act also required military training.)<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn1academics\" name=\"_ftnref1academics\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Certain zealous proponents of so-called industrial education like Jonathan Baldwin Turner\u2014whose fierce terra cotta image graces the southern fa\u00e7ade of Lincoln Hall\u2014wanted the new Illinois Industrial University to steer completely clear of the old-fashioned classical subjects\u2013rhetoric, grammar, logic, literature, Latin, etc.\u2013long taught in the Eastern colleges they so despised.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat the State wants is not a one-horse classical school, in which the tedium of scanning Latin verse is relieved by occasional incursions into the domain of Agriculture and other branches of Natural Science,\u201d the\u00a0<em>Chicago Tribune<\/em>\u00a0declared in 1867, expressing the views of Turner and others.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn2academics\" name=\"_ftnref2academics\">[2]<\/a>(Dec. 1, 1867) No, the mission of the school was to teach the students \u201chow to win bread and butter,\u201d the\u00a0<em>Tribune<\/em>\u00a0argued, and agriculture, engineering and the sciences should be the only subjects taught.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn3academics\" name=\"_ftnref3academics\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>John Milton Gregory, the University\u2019s new regent, begged to differ. A Baptist minister, Gregory hoped to combine the practical and the classical, labor and learning. \u201cLet us but demonstrate that the highest culture is compatible with the active pursuit of industry,\u201d he\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/erec\/University%20Archives\/0101802\/01_volumes\/1867-1868.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">asserted in his inaugural speech<\/a>.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn4academics\" name=\"_ftnref4academics\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Gregory\u2019s ideas were not well-received by the supporters of industrial education, including farmer Matthias Dunlap, a member of the Board of Trustees. Dunlap regularly used his\u00a0<em>Chicago Tribune<\/em>\u00a0column to attack Gregory, who he called \u201ca mere speech maker, a man ignorant of agricultural practice and science.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn5academics\" name=\"_ftnref5academics\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0The Legislature weighed in on this controversy in 1873 when it required all of the University\u2019s undergraduates to study \u201csuch branches of learning as are adapted to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions of life.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn6academics\" name=\"_ftnref6academics\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Perhaps not surprisingly, the College of Engineering came to dominate the campus during this period; by 1894, over one-half of the school\u2019s 604 undergraduates were in Engineering, and the College ranked fourth in size in the nation.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn7academics\" name=\"_ftnref7academics\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_319\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-319\" style=\"width: 191px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=3206&amp;_gl=1*g580z*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjI4OTg2LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-319 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FirstGraduates1872-763x1200-2-191x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"191\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FirstGraduates1872-763x1200-2-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FirstGraduates1872-763x1200-2-651x1024.jpg 651w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FirstGraduates1872-763x1200-2.jpg 763w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 191px) 100vw, 191px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-319\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">First graduates, 1872<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_203\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-203\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=151&amp;_gl=1*s7egc9*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjI4OTg2LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-203 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUfirstclassbioclip1872-1200x667-1-300x167.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUfirstclassbioclip1872-1200x667-1-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUfirstclassbioclip1872-1200x667-1-1024x569.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUfirstclassbioclip1872-1200x667-1-768x427.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUfirstclassbioclip1872-1200x667-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-203\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">First class biographies, 1872<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Besides Engineering, there were, by 1872, colleges of Agriculture, Natural Science, and Literature and Science, and schools of Commerce, Military Science, and Domestic Science and Arts.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn8academics\" name=\"_ftnref8academics\">[8]<\/a> In the 1890s and early-1900s, the University would add schools of Music and Library Science, a Graduate School and a College of Law, and, in Chicago, schools of Pharmacy and Dentistry and a College of Medicine.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn9academics\" name=\"_ftnref9academics\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Gregory had established an elective system, so early students were free to enroll in whatever College\u2019s courses interested them.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn10academics\" name=\"_ftnref10academics\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Regent Peabody later scrapped the elective system, replacing it with a rigid program of study.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn11academics\" name=\"_ftnref11academics\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_200\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-200\" style=\"width: 216px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=151&amp;_gl=1*1c8aqh9*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjI4OTg2LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-200 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUcourseofstudy1869-865x1200-1-216x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"216\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUcourseofstudy1869-865x1200-1-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUcourseofstudy1869-865x1200-1-738x1024.jpg 738w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUcourseofstudy1869-865x1200-1-768x1065.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_IIUcourseofstudy1869-865x1200-1.jpg 865w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-200\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Course of Study. 1869<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_196\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-196\" style=\"width: 242px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=151&amp;_gl=1*1fcgkzm*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjI4OTg2LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-196 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_EntranceExamination1875-966x1200-1-242x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"242\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_EntranceExamination1875-966x1200-1-242x300.jpg 242w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_EntranceExamination1875-966x1200-1-824x1024.jpg 824w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_EntranceExamination1875-966x1200-1-768x954.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_EntranceExamination1875-966x1200-1.jpg 966w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 242px) 100vw, 242px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-196\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Entrance Exam, 1875<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>To improve the quality of its prospective students, the University began in the 1870s to inspect high schools, accrediting those that met its standards. Students graduating from an accredited high school could enter the University without taking the admissions exam. (The admissions exams tested one\u2019s knowledge of arithmetic, grammar, geography, spelling, and history, and most of the questions are real stumpers for the modern American.) In 1876 the University also started offering a year of introductory course work for those who had failed the entrance exams; this program eventually developed into a full-fledged Preparatory School. In 1879-80, 131 out of 434 students in the University were enrolled in this preparatory program.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn12academics\" name=\"_ftnref12academics\">[12]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_315\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-315\" style=\"width: 194px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=4014&amp;_gl=1*cbjbdy*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjI4OTg2LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-315 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Faculty_1890-777x1200-1-194x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"194\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Faculty_1890-777x1200-1-194x300.jpg 194w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Faculty_1890-777x1200-1-663x1024.jpg 663w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Faculty_1890-777x1200-1-768x1186.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Faculty_1890-777x1200-1.jpg 777w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 194px) 100vw, 194px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-315\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Compilation of Faculty, 1890<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The faculty grew slowly during the Gregory and Peabody years, from four in 1867-8 to 39 in 1890-1, Peabody\u2019s last year. The numbers began to pick up during the Burrill regency and really grew during the Draper presidency: in Draper\u2019s final year at the helm of the U of I, there were 351 faculty members.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn13academics\" name=\"_ftnref13academics\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0The University was fortunate to have had some exceptional professors during its early years of struggle: botanist Thomas Burrill, the pioneering plant pathologist who discovered bacteria could cause plant disease; Nathan Clifford Ricker, the first American graduate of a university architecture department and the force behind the first Architectural Engineering program in the U. S.; Stillman Robinson, who combined workshop practice and theory to train Engineering students; Louisa Allen, creator of the first \u201chigh-grade\u201d domestic science course in the country; naturalist Stephen Forbes, a founder of the science of ecology; agronomist Cyril G. Hopkins, whose experiments on soil fertility and corn breeding revolutionized agriculture; Eugene Davenport, who almost single-handedly revived the moribund College of Agriculture; Katharine Lucinda Sharp, founding director of the School of Library Science; and Isabel Bevier, a pioneer in household science.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn14academics\" name=\"_ftnref14academics\">[14]<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>References<\/h5>\n<p class=\"small\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref1academics\" name=\"_ftn1academics\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Winton Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois, 1867-1894: An Intellectual and Cultural History<\/em>\u00a0(Urbana: University<br \/>\nof Illinois Press, 1968), 57.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref2academics\" name=\"_ftn2academics\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Chicago Tribune<\/em>, 1 December 1867.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref3academics\" name=\"_ftn3academics\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 18 December 1867.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref4academics\" name=\"_ftn4academics\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg, 101.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref5academics\" name=\"_ftn5academics\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Quoted in Allan Nevins,<em>\u00a0Illinois\u00a0<\/em>(New York: Oxford University Press, 1917), 365.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref6academics\" name=\"_ftn6academics\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg, 115-16.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref7academics\" name=\"_ftn7academics\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Winton Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1894-1904: The Shaping of the University<\/em>\u00a0(Urbana: University of<br \/>\nIllinois Press, 2000), 156.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref8academics\" name=\"_ftn8academics\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1867-1894<\/em>, 104.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref9academics\" name=\"_ftn9academics\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid.,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1894-1904<\/em>, 392.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref10academics\" name=\"_ftn10academics\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid.,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1867-1894<\/em>, 110.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref11academics\" name=\"_ftn11academics\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 232.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref12academics\" name=\"_ftn12academics\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 130-31.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref13academics\" name=\"_ftn13academics\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0Nevins, 359.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref14academics\" name=\"_ftn14academics\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0For biographies of these faculty figures, see Winton Solberg\u2019s two books on University of Illinois history<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3>Further Resources &#8211; Faculty Papers<\/h3>\n<div id=\"image_gallery_container\" class=\"flex flex-row sh-gap-4\">\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/5\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=2887&amp;_gl=1*1qy2g40*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjMwMjAwLjAuMC4w\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Nathan C. Ricker\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/librarymapping.web.illinois.edu\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/3902020_Ricker.jpg\" alt=\"img description\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/5\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=1721&amp;_gl=1*11fhpl6*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjMwMjAwLjAuMC4w\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Katherine Sharp\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/librarymapping.web.illinois.edu\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/3902020_Sharp.jpg\" alt=\"img description\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/5\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3806&amp;_gl=1*11fhpl6*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjMwMjAwLjAuMC4w\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Steven A. Forbes\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/librarymapping.web.illinois.edu\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/forbes.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/5\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=5098&amp;_gl=1*17r7ih3*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjMwMjAwLjAuMC4w\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Eugene Davenport\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/librarymapping.web.illinois.edu\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/3902020_Davenport.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/5\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3955&amp;_gl=1*17r7ih3*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjMwMjAwLjAuMC4w\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Isabel Bevier\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/librarymapping.web.illinois.edu\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/3902020_Bevier.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-518 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/arch-icon-1024x102-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/arch-icon-1024x102-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/arch-icon-1024x102-1-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/arch-icon-1024x102-1-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Campus Architecture &amp; Planning<\/h2>\n<p>Why is the U of I in the flattest part of Illinois? Many claimed bribery had a hand in the decision. The school\u2019s first building, the five-story \u201cThe Elephant,\u201d likewise was shoddily built by land speculators.<\/p>\n<p>Regent Gregory, not surprisingly, quickly saw the need for new buildings and placed them along and south of Green Street, including Harker Hall, the Natural History Building, Engineering Hall, and Altgeld Hall. President Draper\u2019s siting of Davenport Hall in a more central location created the east boundary of the Main Quad. Several more buildings in that area quickly followed. Many were designed by alumni and are now on the National Register of Historic Places. <a href=\"https:\/\/univofillinois.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/MapJournal\/index.html?appid=d9aa00b61b6546bd8dc5058a8575403d\">The Early Years Building Tour: 1867 &#8211; 1904<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_316\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-316\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=4419&amp;_gl=1*1nf8sj2*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjMwMjAwLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-316 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FarmHousec1870s-1200x1031-1-300x258.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FarmHousec1870s-1200x1031-1-300x258.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FarmHousec1870s-1200x1031-1-1024x880.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FarmHousec1870s-1200x1031-1-768x660.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FarmHousec1870s-1200x1031-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-316\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farm House (Mumford House) and Barn, the oldest building on campus, circa 1870.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id3_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id3_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id3\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id3\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id3\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<p>In the 1850s the theologian Horace Bushnell spent several months carefully searching for a suitable site for a proposed California university. \u201cThe site of a university is to be chosen but once,\u201d Bushnell explained. \u201cOnce planted, it can never be removed; and if any mistake is made, that mistake rests on the institution as a burden to the end of time.\u201d It all comes down to \u201clocation, location, location,\u201d as the real estate professional would say. And the location of the new Illinois Industrial University was anything but ideal: a flat, muddy, nearly treeless prairie located midway between two rural hamlets populated by some 8,000 souls.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_787\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-787\" style=\"width: 246px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-787 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/BuildingsGrounds1871-246x420-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"246\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/BuildingsGrounds1871-246x420-1.jpg 246w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/BuildingsGrounds1871-246x420-1-176x300.jpg 176w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 246px) 100vw, 246px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-787\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map of University Grounds, Catalog, 1872-1873, p. 59 (RS25\/3\/801)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Opponents charged that the Urbana-Champaign lobbyists had secured the location through legislative chicanery, including bribery. No less a figure than Jonathan Baldwin Turner, the apostle of industrial education and a supporter of the Jacksonville bid, claimed that the \u201cChampaigners\u201d purchased the votes of \u201cthe miserable scamps and scalawags\u201d using \u201cpromises of office or lots of cash.\u201d (Or, in some cases, not so much cash: Turner reported hearing that some legislators sold their votes at a mere \u201ctwenty-five dollars a head.\u201d)<\/p>\n<p>Whatever the truth of these allegations, Champaign County won out, and the new Illinois Industrial University ended up \u201cin the flattest, plainest, most monotonous section of Illinois,\u201d in the words of historian Allan Nevins. The sole building on the nascent campus was dubbed \u201cThe Elephant\u201d\u2013short for \u201cWhite Elephant\u201d\u2013a five-story brick building 125-feet across and 40-feet deep with a smaller four-story wing. Serving as a dormitory as well as a classroom\/office building, the 181-room structure would in effect be the University for its first dozen years.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_310\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-310\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=4421&amp;_gl=1*ox3w2y*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjMxMDY1LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-310 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1-300x238.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1-1024x812.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1-768x609.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Elephant_1870-1200x952-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-310\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Old University Building (Elephant), May 1870<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The ten acres of bleak, nearly featureless prairie surrounding \u201cThe Elephant\u201d constituted the main campus in these early years; later Illinois Field would be located here and, much later, the Beckman Institute. The University also owned a 160-acre tract about a half mile south of the main campus and another 405 acres south of Mount Hope Cemetery. These unconnected checkerboards of land did not include what ultimately would become the University\u2019s central campus\u2014the area that includes the Main Quad. But showing foresight, the board of trustees quickly acquired this strip of 36.6 acres stretching for one-mile south of the ten-acre Elephant tract. This historic land purchase was approved November 26, 1867, and the University launched itself on a course of southward expansion that continues today.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Elephant\u201d had been shoddily built by land speculators hoping to make a quick buck, and its inadequacy rapidly became evident. So the trustees requested and the Illinois Legislature appropriated money for two new buildings: a mechanical hall and a new main hall. The decision where to locate this new structure proved to be crucial: the future of the campus\u2019s physical development was at stake. Several trustees wanted the new building\u2014the future University Hall\u2014to be north of Springfield Avenue on land to be purchased east of the Elephant tract. But Gregory boldly called for a location far south of the present campus, south even of distant Green Street, on a ridge smack dab in the middle of the horticultural \u201cgarden.\u201d Gregory\u2019s motion prevailed in a contentious Board of Trustees vote. This decision forever shifted the University\u2019s center of gravity southward. Unlike his many critics, who feared the University Hall site was \u201cso far south that the University would never grow up to it,\u201d Gregory had great faith in the future.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_788\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-788\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=1686&amp;_gl=1*1oixnef*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjMxMDY1LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-788 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_HarkerHall_1878-1879-420x347-1-300x248.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_HarkerHall_1878-1879-420x347-1-300x248.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_HarkerHall_1878-1879-420x347-1.jpg 420w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-788\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harker Hall construction, c1878-1879 (RS 39\/2\/20)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>No definite plan determined the locations of the small number of buildings constructed in the early years. During that period, \u201cthe only plan apparent for the campus development was to line up the buildings along Green street,\u201d James White, the long-time Supervising Architect, wrote. Indeed, Harker Hall, the Natural History Building, Engineering Hall, and Altgeld Hall were all located near Green Street. The Kenney Gym Annex ended up on Springfield Avenue\u2014a site apparently chosen by Selim Peabody, John Milton Gregory\u2019s successor, who lacked Gregory\u2019s aesthetic sensibilities.<\/p>\n<p>But there was no more campus real estate available on Green Street after the completion of Altgeld Hall in 1897: Any new buildings would have to be sited somewhere else. At this key point a real campus plan would have helped, but instead Andrew Sloan Draper, the University\u2019s hard-charging fourth president, improvised. Acting as the autocrat he tended to be, Draper unilaterally decided the new Agriculture Building (Davenport Hall) should be placed south and east of University Hall. The decision turned out to be inspired. The location of Davenport Hall\u2014the first piece of the puzzle\u2014would determine where other buildings would be constructed on the central campus, beginning with the Chemistry Laboratory (Noyes Laboratory) in 1902. Davenport Hall also delineated the east boundary of what would become the University\u2019s iconic Main Quad.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_789\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-789\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=1638&amp;_gl=1*rds2za*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjMxMDY1LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-789 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0001338_Altgeld-420x292-1-300x209.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0001338_Altgeld-420x292-1-300x209.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0001338_Altgeld-420x292-1.jpg 420w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-789\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Altgeld Hall, 1900 (RS 39\/2\/20)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Between the founding of the University in 1867 and the end of Draper\u2019s presidency in 1904, the number of major and minor buildings on campus jumped from one to twenty-seven. Some of these structures were designed by alumni (Engineering Hall, by George Wesley Bullard, \u201982; Davenport Hall, by Joseph Corson Llewellyn, \u201977; Noyes Lab, by Nelson Strong Spencer, \u201982), but the major player in early University architecture was Nathan Clifford Ricker. A pioneering Architecture professor and long-time College of Engineering dean, Ricker designed five iconic campus buildings: the future Harker Hall, the future Kenney Gym Annex, the Natural History Building, the Metal Shop (demolished in 1993), and the future Altgeld Hall. All of the surviving Ricker buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A modest man, Ricker apparently did not think very highly of the icons he designed.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn1architecture\" name=\"_ftnref1architecture\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0In 1910 he boldly proposed the creation of an entirely new campus south of the Auditorium and called for the eventual removal of the old campus buildings\u2014including, amazingly, his own.<\/p>\n<p>References<\/p>\n<p class=\"small\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref1architecture\" name=\"_ftn1architecture\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Information for this unit came from Lex Tate and John Franch,\u00a0<em>An Illini Place: The Campus of the University of Illinois<\/em>\u00a0(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, forthcoming).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mediaspace.illinois.edu\/media\/Natural+History+Building%2C+1894-1921%2C+3D+model+-+University+Sesquicentennial+Celebration+Natural+History\/1_3v7o0prt\">Natural History 1894, 3D model &#8211; University Sesquicentennial Celebration<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Further Resources<\/h3>\n<ul id=\"\" class=\"x-ul-icons\">\n<li id=\"\" class=\"x-li-icon\"><i class=\"x-icon-chain\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-x-icon-s=\"\uf0c1\"><\/i><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/PernaStephanie_JamesScholarProject.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stephanie Perna, \u201cA Narrative History of the University\u2019s First Building\u201d James Scholar Project, School of Architecture, Fall 2016<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"\" class=\"x-li-icon\"><i class=\"x-icon-chain\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-x-icon-s=\"\uf0c1\"><\/i><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/historyofgrowthd00tilt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">History of the growth and development of the campus of the University of Illinois (UI Press, 1930)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-599 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/diversity-icon-1024x102-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/diversity-icon-1024x102-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/diversity-icon-1024x102-1-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/diversity-icon-1024x102-1-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>Diversity<\/h2>\n<p>The University\u2019s earliest students were mostly white, of European descent, Protestant, and from adjacent counties. By 1873, however, there were students from 69 counties,12 states, and four foreign countries. By 1903, it was 12 foreign countries.<\/p>\n<p>The first African-American student arrived in 1887, but numbers remained low, with only 10 enrolled between 1894-1904. One, Albert R. Lee, became the University president\u2019s long-time chief clerk. An African-American also was elected to the Board of Trustees in 1873 but was driven out by \u201cRepbulican ostracism.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Carlos Montezuma was the first Native American graduate, in 1884. Elected class president, he became a physician and advocate for Native American rights.<\/p>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-grid sh-grid-cols-1 md:sh-grid-cols-12 sh-gap-3\"><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_794\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-794\" style=\"width: 240px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=2261&amp;_gl=1*11rpxk3*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjMxNzg5LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-794 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0002132-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0002132-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0002132.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-794\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wassaja (Carlos Montezuma), c1884 (RS 26\/4\/1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_796\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-796\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=3378&amp;_gl=1*pu5nc5*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjMxNzg5LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-796 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0003353.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0003353.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0003353-300x182.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-796\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wassaja (Carlos Montezuma) is in the canoe on the extreme right of the image. (RS: 41\/20\/10)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_795\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-795\" style=\"width: 198px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=2453&amp;_gl=1*fus4vz*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTYyNzk2OC4yMTguMS4xNzE1NjMxNzg5LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-795 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0002349-198x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"198\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0002349-198x300.jpg 198w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0002349.jpg 283w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-795\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wassaja (Carlos Montezuma), graduate of the University in 1884 (RS: 26\/4\/1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id4_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id4_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id4\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id4\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id4\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id4\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<p>The University\u2019s earliest students were mostly white, of European descent, and Protestant, with Methodists, Presbyterians, and Congregationalists especially well represented.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn1diversity\" name=\"_ftnref1diversity\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0At first they came primarily from the small towns and farms of Champaign and adjacent counties. Alumnus Charles Kiler described the members of his Class of 1892 as looking like they \u201chad been born between two rows of corn.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn2diversity\" name=\"_ftnref2diversity\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0The pioneering students were often poorly educated, a reflection of the era\u2019s inadequate school system: in 1868 there were only 108 public high schools in the entire state of Illinois and just one in Chicago.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn3diversity\" name=\"_ftnref3diversity\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0According to historian Winton Solberg, their outlook on life tended to be a narrow one. \u201cTheir horizons were bounded by Protestant certainties, Fourth-of-July democracy, crude manners, and aesthetic unawareness,\u201d Solberg wrote.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn4diversity\" name=\"_ftnref4diversity\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_818\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-818\" style=\"width: 188px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=2563&amp;_gl=1*f5eyq*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTY5NTUwNy4yMjAuMS4xNzE1Njk2MTEzLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-818 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_Gennadiusc1870-263x420-1-188x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"188\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_Gennadiusc1870-263x420-1-188x300.jpg 188w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_Gennadiusc1870-263x420-1.jpg 263w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-818\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Panagiottis Gennadius, c1870 (RS 26\/4\/1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Already, by 1873, the student body had become somewhat more diverse. That year students hailed from 69 different Illinois counties, twelve states, and four foreign countries: Japan, Turkey, Germany, and Greece.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn5diversity\" name=\"_ftnref5diversity\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Members of the Class of 1874 included Gregory Gabrialial Dabraskian, of Turkey, and Panagiottis Gennadius, of Greece; Gennadius would go on to become a respected botanist, agronomist, and government official.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn6diversity\" name=\"_ftnref6diversity\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0By 1903-4, out of 1,480 undergraduates at the University, 732 came from central Illinois, 456 from northern Illinois, 97 from southern Illinois, 183 from out of state, and 12 from foreign countries.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn7diversity\" name=\"_ftnref7diversity\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Not long after the Meiji Restoration opened up Japan to Western influence, Illinois received its first Japanese student, Tunetaro Yamaou, who attended in 1872-3.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn8diversity\" name=\"_ftnref8diversity\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Less than twenty years later, Sitsuro Yamada came to the U of I and stayed for two years (1888-90). Yamada belonged to the Adelphic Literary Society; his speech on \u201cAmerica and Japan\u201d earned raves from the Illini. \u201cHis appearance was graceful, his gestures good, and at times he was really eloquent,\u201d the Illini said of Yamada. \u201cThe oration was well worthy of praise.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn9diversity\" name=\"_ftnref9diversity\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Shigetsura Shiga, who received a B. S. in architecture in 1893, was the first Japanese graduate of the U of I; he returned to his hometown of Tokyo where he worked as a professor and government architect.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn10diversity\" name=\"_ftnref10diversity\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0In the 1920s Shiga served as president of the 75-member Japan Illini Club.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn11diversity\" name=\"_ftnref11diversity\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_817\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-817\" style=\"width: 226px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=4694&amp;_gl=1*fpr96w*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTY5NTUwNy4yMjAuMS4xNzE1Njk2MTEzLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-817\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/262012_Yamaou_1873-226x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"226\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/262012_Yamaou_1873-226x300.jpg 226w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/262012_Yamaou_1873.jpg 682w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-817\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tunetaro Yamaou, 1873 (RS 26\/20\/12, Box 1, \u201cPhotos of Friends, 1920\u201d)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The celebrated Carlos Montezuma was the University\u2019s first Native American graduate. A member of the Yavapai tribe, Wassaja\u2014Carlos\u2019 birth name\u2014had been abducted by Pima Indians in 1871 when only about five years old. After an amazing odyssey, Montezuma ultimately ended up at the Illinois Industrial University. He spent two years in the preparatory school before enrolling in the University itself. Montzuma earned the esteem of his classmates. A member of the Adelphic Literary Society, he won acclaim for his oratorical prowess, for his \u201cmastery of a tongue not by any means a mother one to him,\u201d and was elected president of the Class of 1884. After graduating with a bachelor\u2019s degree in chemistry, Montezuma became a Chicago physician and gained renown as a champion of Native American rights.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn12diversity\" name=\"_ftnref12diversity\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0The University has named the dormitory Wassaja Hall in his honor.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_816\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-816\" style=\"width: 420px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/illio9596univ\/page\/n141\/mode\/2up?view=theater&amp;q=band\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-816 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_GeorgeWashingtonRiley1895_p120-420x308-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_GeorgeWashingtonRiley1895_p120-420x308-1.jpg 420w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_GeorgeWashingtonRiley1895_p120-420x308-1-300x220.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-816\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">UI Military Band, c1895 (Riley in front row behind drum) (RS 41\/8\/805)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Very few African Americans attended the University in the early years. Jonathan A. Rogan, a freshman in civil engineering in 1887-8, seems to have been the first African American U of I student.<\/p>\n<p>Between 1894 and 1904, ten African Americans enrolled at the University, including George Washington Riley, a member of the University Military Band who was \u201can artist on the snare drum\u201d and who died in 1897 of typhoid fever, Albert R. Lee, who would become chief clerk in the President\u2019s office and the unofficial \u201cDean of African American Students,\u201d and William Walter Smith, the U of I\u2019s first African-American graduate.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn13diversity\" name=\"_ftnref13diversity\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Smith\u2019s father had been a slave in Tennessee: in the 1870s he came to the Broadlands area in Champaign County and made a fortune in farming\u2014at the time of his death in 1911 his estate was valued at $116,000 (roughly $3 million in today\u2019s money).<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn14diversity\" name=\"_ftnref14diversity\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0Smith was a popular student, a member of the Illini, the rifle team, the YMCA, the Republican Club, and the Philomathean Literary Society.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn15diversity\" name=\"_ftnref15diversity\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0Shortly after graduating in 1900, Smith \u201ccast around for means of supporting\u201d himself, not wishing to ask his father for \u201cfurther aid\u201d; he hit upon the idea of starting a students\u2019 cooperative store at the University but failed to obtain President Draper\u2019s support for the idea.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn16diversity\" name=\"_ftnref16diversity\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0Earning a second degree from the U of I in 1907\u2014a civil engineering degree\u2013Smith spent time as the city engineer of Farmer City before embarking upon a career as a concrete specialist. He spent many years in South America where he built grain elevators and sold structural steel products.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn17diversity\" name=\"_ftnref17diversity\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0He died in New York City in 1929.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_815\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-815\" style=\"width: 224px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=3005&amp;_gl=1*1q02k27*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTY5NTUwNy4yMjAuMS4xNzE1Njk2MTEzLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-815\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_WWSmith_1900-07-314x420-1-224x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"224\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_WWSmith_1900-07-314x420-1-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_WWSmith_1900-07-314x420-1.jpg 314w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-815\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">William Walter Smith, c1900-1907 (RS 26\/4\/1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>An African American served as an early trustee of the University. John J. Bird, an accomplished Republican politician from Cairo, may have been the first African American trustee of a non-historically black American university. Newly elected Governor John Beveridge appointed the 29-year-old Bird, a Cincinnati native, to the Board of Trustees in 1873, apparently rewarding him for his political efforts in behalf of the state Republican Party.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn18diversity\" name=\"_ftnref18diversity\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0Bird served on the Board until 1883. The Cairo Daily Bulletin claimed that Bird \u201cwas treated with great disrespect by the white members of the board because he was black, and was actually driven out of the board by Republican ostracism.\u201d He nonetheless remained \u201cfaithful to the Republican party, for which he has done much service and from which he has received no kindness or reward.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn19diversity\" name=\"_ftnref19diversity\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0At the time of his death in 1912, Bird was working as a custodian in the Illinois statehouse.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn20diversity\" name=\"_ftnref20diversity\">[20]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>References<\/h5>\n<p class=\"small\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref1diversity\" name=\"_ftn1diversity\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Winton Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois, 1867-1894: An Intellectual and Cultural History<\/em>\u00a0(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1968), 177-78.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref2diversity\" name=\"_ftn2diversity\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Charles Albert Kiler,\u00a0<em>On the Banks of the Boneyard\u00a0<\/em>(Urbana: Illini Union Bookstore, 1942), 23.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref3diversity\" name=\"_ftn3diversity\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg, 130.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref4diversity\" name=\"_ftn4diversity\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 168.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref5diversity\" name=\"_ftn5diversity\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Carl Stephens, \u201cThe University of Illinois\u2013A History, 1867-1947,\u201d Carl Stephens Manuscript History (26\/1\/21), Chapter 2, 26, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref6diversity\" name=\"_ftn6diversity\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0<em>The Alumni Quarterly and Fortnightly Notes<\/em>, 5 (February-March 1920), 116.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref7diversity\" name=\"_ftn7diversity\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Winton Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois, 1894-1904: The Shaping of the University<\/em>\u00a0(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000), 48.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref8diversity\" name=\"_ftn8diversity\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Carol Huang, \u201cThe Soft Power of U. S. Education and the Formation of a Chinese American Intellectual Community in Urbana-Champaign, 1905-1954\u201d (Ph.D. Diss., University of Illinois, 2001), 83.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref9diversity\" name=\"_ftn9diversity\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0<em>The Illini<\/em>, 21 May 1888.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref10diversity\" name=\"_ftn10diversity\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 9 January 1901.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref11diversity\" name=\"_ftn11diversity\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 30 October 1928.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref12diversity\" name=\"_ftn12diversity\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0John Franch, \u201cTorn between Two Worlds: The Life of Carlos Montezuma,\u201d<em>\u00a0Illinois Alumni\u00a0<\/em>19 (September\/October 2006), 22-26.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref13diversity\" name=\"_ftn13diversity\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1894-1904<\/em>, 48-49.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref14diversity\" name=\"_ftn14diversity\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Urbana Daily Courier<\/em>, 3 January 1912.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref15diversity\" name=\"_ftn15diversity\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1894-1904<\/em>, 276.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref16diversity\" name=\"_ftn16diversity\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Smith-WW-2-Pres-1902.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William Walter Smith to Andrew Draper (PDF)\u00a0<\/a>, January 1902, Andrew Draper General Correspondence (2\/4\/1), B: 17, F: Smith, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref17diversity\" name=\"_ftn17diversity\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0<em>The Semi-Centennial Alumni Record of the University of Illinois<\/em>\u00a0(Chicago: The Lakeside Press, 1918), 137.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref18diversity\" name=\"_ftn18diversity\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1867-1894<\/em>, 120.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref19diversity\" name=\"_ftn19diversity\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Cairo Daily Bulletin<\/em>, 19 December 1883.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref20diversity\" name=\"_ftn20diversity\">[20]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1867-1894<\/em>, 120.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"x-text\">\n<h3>Further Resources<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<ul id=\"\" class=\"x-ul-icons\">\n<li id=\"\" class=\"x-li-icon\"><i class=\"x-icon-chain\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-x-icon-s=\"\uf0c1\"><\/i><a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=213\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Papers of Albert Lee, unofficial African American Dean<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"\" class=\"x-li-icon\"><i class=\"x-icon-chain\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-x-icon-s=\"\uf0c1\"><\/i><a title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/chroniclingamerica.loc.gov\/lccn\/sn87082573\/1883-12-19\/ed-1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cairo Daily Bulletin (reporting from the Bloomington Bulletin), 19 December 1883, p. 3, column 2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-820 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/women-icon.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/women-icon.png 1200w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/women-icon-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/women-icon-1024x102.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/women-icon-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Women<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-824 size-large aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_BballIlliop-3031902-sm-1024x607.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_BballIlliop-3031902-sm-1024x607.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_BballIlliop-3031902-sm-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_BballIlliop-3031902-sm-768x455.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_BballIlliop-3031902-sm-1536x911.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_BballIlliop-3031902-sm.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-822 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_Gym-1901-Illiop-254-sm-1024x607.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_Gym-1901-Illiop-254-sm-1024x607.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_Gym-1901-Illiop-254-sm-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_Gym-1901-Illiop-254-sm-768x455.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_Gym-1901-Illiop-254-sm-1536x911.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4108805_Gym-1901-Illiop-254-sm.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-823 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_AliceCheeverinAlethanai1871-204x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"204\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_AliceCheeverinAlethanai1871-204x300.jpg 204w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_AliceCheeverinAlethanai1871-695x1024.jpg 695w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_AliceCheeverinAlethanai1871-768x1131.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_AliceCheeverinAlethanai1871.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 204px) 100vw, 204px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-821\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FrancesAdeliaPotterAlethanai1871-204x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"204\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FrancesAdeliaPotterAlethanai1871-204x300.jpg 204w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FrancesAdeliaPotterAlethanai1871-695x1024.jpg 695w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FrancesAdeliaPotterAlethanai1871-768x1131.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_FrancesAdeliaPotterAlethanai1871.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 204px) 100vw, 204px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-825 size-medium alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/AdvertiseforWomenIIUslideshow-288x420-1-206x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"206\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/AdvertiseforWomenIIUslideshow-288x420-1-206x300.jpg 206w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/AdvertiseforWomenIIUslideshow-288x420-1.jpg 288w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 206px) 100vw, 206px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The first women were admitted to the University in 1870, subject to severe social restrictions and curfews. Regent Gregory himself paid for two houses to accommodate them. In 1874, he hired a \u201cpreceptress\u201d to oversee women\u2019s interests. She established a domestic science and calisthenics program. President Draper in 1897 hired the first Dean of Women as well as several notable women faculty.<\/p>\n<p>Women\u2019s organizations now flourished, including the Young Women\u2019s Christian Assocation (1884), Illinois\u2019s first basketball team (1897\u2014a women\u2019s team, not men\u2019s) and two sororities (1895), among others. A women\u2019s gym was turned down, however, because it was thought inadvisable for women to do calisthenics.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id5_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id5_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id5\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id5\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id5\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id5\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<p>In 1870, three years after the Illinois Industrial was founded, University the (all male) Board of Trustees agreed to admit women in a 5-4 vote, impending under restriction: Social life for women was restricted to weekends, chaperones were required for outings, and all female students had a midnight curfew unless permission from a faculty memb<\/p>\n<p>er was given for a later curfew. Twenty-four women were admitted to the University in 1870, making the first class of co-eds the graduating class of 1874. In the earlier years, mostly local girls from the Champaign County area attended the university because at the time, few families were willing to send their daughters off to the university.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn1women\" name=\"_ftnref1women\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>John Milton Gregory was the first Regent of the university, and cast the deciding vote to admit women. Gregory was concerned about the housing needs of the female students, as there were no designated dormitories built yet. Gregory used his personal funds to provide two houses to accommodate them. The houses had unfurnished bedrooms, but offered well-appointed parlors and laundry facilities for the women at the rate of $3.00 a week. A matron with boarding school experience was hired to mind the women.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn2women\" name=\"_ftnref2women\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_831\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-831\" style=\"width: 203px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=150&amp;_gl=1*156l25u*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTcwMzQzMi4yMjIuMS4xNzE1NzA0OTQ0LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-831\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_LouisaAllen-284x420-1-203x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_LouisaAllen-284x420-1-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_LouisaAllen-284x420-1.jpg 284w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 203px) 100vw, 203px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-831\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Louisa Allen Gregory (RS 39\/2\/20) | Louisa Allen Gregory Notebooks, 1873-1879<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On March 4, 1874, Gregory recommended hiring a \u201cpreceptress\u201d to the Board of Trustees to oversee the female students of the university. Of the female students, he stated, \u201cTheir best interests demand that there shall be in the faculty a woman of high character and culture, who shall be specially charged with their oversight.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn3women\" name=\"_ftnref3women\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0He also suggested that \u201cat the earliest day practical\u201d, the Board of Trustees \u201cprovide for a School of Domestic economy and such other schools as the wants of our female students demand.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn4women\" name=\"_ftnref4women\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0And so Louisa Allen joined the faculty in 1874 to manage the interests of female students. In her six years as \u201cpreceptress\u201d of the university, she established the groundwork for the first school for domestic science as well as a calisthenics program \u201cin accordance with her belief that women should have strong bodies as well as strong minds.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn5women\" name=\"_ftnref5women\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Allen married Regent Gregory in 1879 and the two left the university in a year later.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_830\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-830\" style=\"width: 212px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=4014&amp;_gl=1*6isckv*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTcwMzQzMi4yMjIuMS4xNzE1NzA0OTQ0LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-830\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_LucyFlower1897-e1486577602473-297x420-1-212x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"212\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_LucyFlower1897-e1486577602473-297x420-1-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_LucyFlower1897-e1486577602473-297x420-1.jpg 297w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 212px) 100vw, 212px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-830\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lucy Flower, 1897 (RS 39\/2\/20)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Lucy Flower was the first female Board of Trustees member, appointed in __, making her the first elected female official in the state. An extremely influential board member, she tactically motivated apathetic administration into accomplishing beneficial gains for the women of the university, such as hiring women faculty, creating a Woman\u2019s Department and with it the official position of Dean of Women, building a Woman\u2019s Building, establishing a formal Department of Household Science, and admitting women to the medical school.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn6women\" name=\"_ftnref6women\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>In 1897, \u201cAndrew Sloan Draper\u2014President and Regent of the university at the time\u2014recommended the development of a new administration department titled \u201cThe Woman\u2019s Department\u201d directed by a newly appointment position known as \u201cDean of the Woman\u2019s Department.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn7women\" name=\"_ftnref7women\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Violet DeLille Jayne was recommended to President Draper and she was hired in 1897 as the very first Dean of Women at the University of Illinois. She served on the university\u2019s exclusive Council of Administration and was instrumental in developing female student organization to promote social responsibility among her students. She organized a special women\u2019s issue of the Illini student newspaper in 1898, the only time within 26 years that female students contributed to the school paper, to encourage academic programs and social opportunities for women to become more independent. During this time, some female students were happy to follow the lead of their male counter parts, but other students and faculty members had a larger vision of independence for women and thought higher education should serve as a vehicle for this notion.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_783\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-783\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=3683&amp;_gl=1*w40bjp*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTcwMzQzMi4yMjIuMS4xNzE1NzA0OTQ0LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-783\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Sharp-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Sharp-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Sharp-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Sharp-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Sharp-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Sharp.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-783\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Katharine Sharp, c1895-1896 (RS39\/2\/20) | Papers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Around this time, the Watcheka League\u2014which became known as the Women\u2019s League in 1900 \u2014 emerged as an organization with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.las.illinois.edu\/alumni\/magazine\/articles\/2004\/womensports\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cthe aim of united action on the part of the women students of the University.\u201d<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn8women\" name=\"_ftnref8women\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Jayne contributed to the name of the organization, choosing the name from a legend of the Indian tribe of the Illini and symbolic of \u201cthe spirit and pride that [she] was attempting to create among the Illinae.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn9women\" name=\"_ftnref9women\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0However this was not the first organization instituted to benefit female students. In 1884, the Young Women\u2019s Christian Association (Y.W.C.A.)\u2014the oldest continually operating student YWCA in the country today\u2014established itself on campus to support women.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn10women\" name=\"_ftnref10women\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>During Jayne\u2019s time as Dean, the first basketball team at Illinois formed in 1897 and its composition was all women, surprisingly enough, because basketball was viewed as a feminine sport at the turn of the century. The team\u2019s first inter-collegiate competition was against the women of Wesleyan and the Illinae were triumphant in victory.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn11women\" name=\"_ftnref11women\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Other women\u2019s organizations arose under Jayne\u2019s regime as a result of her efforts to unite the female student body. The first national sororities on campus, Pi Beta Phi and Kappa Alpha Theta, were organized in 1895, although involvement in these groups was not encouraged by the Dean because they lacked the independent mindset she was attempting to impart on female students.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn12women\" name=\"_ftnref12women\">[12]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_785\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-785\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=3193&amp;_gl=1*1q52exn*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTcwMzQzMi4yMjIuMS4xNzE1NzA0OTQ0LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-785\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Bevier-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Bevier-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Bevier-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Bevier-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Bevier-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Bevier.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-785\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Isabelle Bevier, c1925 (RS 39\/2\/20) | Papers<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>With the advent of more female students towards the end of the nineteenth century came desires for designated buildings and spaces for these students. The Board of Trustees approved a Woman\u2019s Hall in 1879, but they were unable to finance it. A request for a gymnasium for women students was denied in 1889 because the Board decided that it was inadvisable for women to take calisthenics. Eventually, the funding for a Woman\u2019s Hall came through in 1902, thanks to the efforts of Lucy Flower and the wife of the state senator Henry Dunlap. Flower \u201cwrote to all members of the Association of Alumnae requesting them to use their influence with their Representatives and Senators to pass a bill for an appropriation to build a Woman\u2019s Building.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn13women\" name=\"_ftnref13women\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0The building itself was not erected until after Dean Jayne left the university in 1904 and Edmund J. James became president of the university.<\/p>\n<p>Next to Dean Jayne, two notable faculty members from the early years are Katherine Sharp and Isabel Bevier. Katherine Sharp was the head mistress of the Library Science school after it was transferred to Illinois in 1897 from the Armor Institute (now Illinois Institute of Technology). She was selected by Melvil Dewey, creator of the famed Dewey Decimal System, as the best librarian in the country to start and lead a library school at Illinois. She developed the curriculum for educating library patrons and foundation for the success of the university\u2019s library and library school. Isabel Bevier was appointed professor of household science in 1900 and advanced the Department of Household Science in a way that \u201cbrought distinction to the University of Illinois and led the way for universities across the nation and abroad.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn14women\" name=\"_ftnref14women\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0All of these women revolutionized higher education at the university during a time when women were not exceptionally valued in academia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"small\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref1women\" name=\"_ftn1women\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Mary Loise Filbey, \u201cThe Early History of the Deans of Women, 1897-1923,\u201d 1969, pp. 16,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/digital.library.illinois.edu\/collections\/aeda0ed0-c5b6-0134-237b-0050569601ca-f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Filbey Family Papers 1900-1913, 1920-1961, 1969<\/a>, Record Series 41\/20\/38, Box 1, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref2women\" name=\"_ftn2women\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., pp. 3.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref3women\" name=\"_ftn3women\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0University of Illinois Board of Trustees, Seventh Report, (1874) pp. 92, 95.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref4women\" name=\"_ftn4women\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref5women\" name=\"_ftn5women\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Jacque Kahn and Kate Skozinski, \u201cU of I\u2019s Women in Sports.\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.las.illinois.edu\/alumni\/magazine\/articles\/2004\/womensports\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LASNews Magazine, accessed March 31, 2016<\/a>.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref6women\" name=\"_ftn6women\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Paula A Treichler, \u201cAlma Mater\u2019s Sorority: Women and the University of Illinois, 1890-1925,\u201d in For Alma Mater: Theory and Practice in Feminist Scholarship, ed. Paula A. Treichler et al. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985), 14.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref7women\" name=\"_ftn7women\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0University of Illinois Board of Trustees, Nineteenth Report, (1897), pp. 64.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref8women\" name=\"_ftn8women\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0University of Illinois, Illini Women\u2019s Number, March 11, 1898.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref9women\" name=\"_ftn9women\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Filbey, \u201cEarly History,\u201d pp. 21.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref10women\" name=\"_ftn10women\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0University of Illinois, \u201cAnnals\u201d in The Alumni Record University of Illinois, ed. James Herbert Kelley (Chicago: The<br \/>\nLakeside Press, 1913), pp. 39.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref11women\" name=\"_ftn11women\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0University of Illinois,\u00a0<em>Illio<\/em>\u00a0(1898), pp. 113-114.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref12women\" name=\"_ftn12women\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Filbey, \u201cEarly History.\u201d<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref13women\" name=\"_ftn13women\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0Alumni and Faculty Biographical (Alumni News Morgue) File, 1882-1995, Record Series 26\/4\/1, University of<br \/>\nIllinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref14women\" name=\"_ftn14women\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0Paula A. Treichler, \u201cIsabel Bevier and Home Economics,\u201d in No Boundaries: University of Illinois Vignettes, ed.<br \/>\nLillian Hoddeson (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004), pp. 32.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-708\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/student-icon-1200x120-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/student-icon-1200x120-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/student-icon-1200x120-1-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/student-icon-1200x120-1-1024x102.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/student-icon-1200x120-1-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Student Activities<\/h2>\n<h3>Student Life<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_349\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-349\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-349 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Students_1891-1200x605-1-1024x516.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Students_1891-1200x605-1-1024x516.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Students_1891-1200x605-1-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Students_1891-1200x605-1-768x387.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Students_1891-1200x605-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-349\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students in Class, 1891<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>With the downtowns of both Urbana and Champaign nearly a mile from campus, there weren\u2019t many outlets for fun for early students, who had compulsory manual labor and military drill daily or weekly. Even the two original student organizations were geared to improving the minds and skills of students. When women were admitted in 1870, women\u2019s organizations followed suit.<\/p>\n<p>The first fraternity arrived in 1872, but Regent Gregory was so hostile, it had to go underground. Gregory\u2019s successor, Selim Peabody, outright banned them, making them more popular and leading them to help force Peabody out. Sororities appeared in the mid-1880s, as did professional societies in chemistry and engineering, musical groups, and the YMCA and YWCA.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id6_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id6_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id6\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id6\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id6\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id6\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<p>Students had very few outlets for fun in the very early days of the University. Downtown Champaign and Urbana were nearly a mile away and didn\u2019t offer much in the way of entertainment besides billiard halls and saloons.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn1studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref1studentlife\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0In any case, there was little time to indulge in extracurricular activities: from 7:15 in the morning until ten at night, students were usually in class, in chapel, or in the library.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn2studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref2studentlife\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Two hours of compulsory manual labor each weekday (students were at first paid eight cents per hour and later 12\u00bd cents) and two or three hours of compulsory military drill each week added a little variety to the daily routine.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn3studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref3studentlife\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cEspecial emphasis was placed on the dignity of labor,\u201d an early student recalled, \u201cand play was hardly worthy of consideration.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn4studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref4studentlife\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0The school\u2019s motto was, after all, \u201cLearning and Labor.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_838\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-838\" style=\"width: 420px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=7753&amp;_gl=1*2etsf7*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk1Njk4LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-838\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2620016_PhilomatheanSocietyMeetingRoom1884-420x241-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"241\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2620016_PhilomatheanSocietyMeetingRoom1884-420x241-1.jpg 420w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2620016_PhilomatheanSocietyMeetingRoom1884-420x241-1-300x172.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-838\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Philomathean Society meeting room RS for the Philomathean Society | RS for the Adelphic Society<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Even the University\u2019s earliest student organizations had a serious intent. Formed only five days after the University\u2019s opening on March 2, 1868, the Adelphic and Philomathean literary societies sought the social improvement of its members. (Not coincidentally, the Philomathean motto was \u201cCome Up Higher;\u201d there may have been a double meaning here since the Philomathean\u2014and Adelphic\u2014club rooms were located on the top floor of University Hall.) These groups held concerts and literary readings, sponsored orations and debates, and, in general, helped students develop their powers of expression.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn5studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref5studentlife\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cMen who were afraid to try to make a public statement at the time they joined a literary society soon found they could be real speakers,\u201d alumnus Charles Kiler maintained.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn6studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref6studentlife\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Shortly after being admitted in the fall of 1870, women students organized their own literary society, the Alethenai\u2014Greek for \u201cthe truthful ones.\u201d Members of the Alethenai hoped \u201cto better themselves in composition, elocution, debating powers, and to enlarge their fund of general intelligence.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn7studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref7studentlife\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0In 1875 the Alethenai women challenged a local lawyer to a spelling bee. Twelve society women faced the lawyer and eleven fellow members of the bar in an event that was refereed by Regent John Milton Gregory. \u201cIt was quite exciting, for both sides went down at the same rate,\u201d a witness reported. \u201cAt last two lawyers . . . and one Alethenai (Miss Adams) remained. It seemed as though neither would miss. At last the challenged lawyer missed and soon after Miss Adams failed on \u2018palatable\u2019.\u201d The paid event attracted a large crowd and put a considerable sum into the Alethenai treasury.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_837\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-837\" style=\"width: 304px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=4014&amp;_gl=1*u47ncp*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk1Njk4LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-837\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Alethenai1871-304x420-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"304\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Alethenai1871-304x420-1.jpg 304w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Alethenai1871-304x420-1-217x300.jpg 217w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 304px) 100vw, 304px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-837\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alethenai society c1871<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Illini student newspaper\u00a0<\/a>devoted five full paragraphs to the spelling bee and called it the \u201cmost exciting entertainment during the past month\u201d\u2013a statement that speaks volumes.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn8studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref8studentlife\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0The Illini had come into existence only the previous year, having replaced the Student\u2013a serious-minded, rather dull publication that ran from November 1871 until December 1873. Unlike the Student, which operated as a literary journal, the new monthly Illini aimed to \u201creflect the every day life of the school.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn9studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref9studentlife\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Over the years the newspaper steadily increased its frequency of publication: in 1880, it began appearing every two weeks, in 1894 weekly, in 1899 tri-weekly, and finally in 1902 daily. The editorship in 1899-1900 of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL18990920&amp;e=-------en-20-DIL-1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William Walter Smith<\/a>, the University\u2019s first African American graduate, marked a milestone in the history of the Illini. According to historian Winton Solberg, Smith \u201cbroke new ground with editorials that expressed opinions.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn10studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref10studentlife\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>During these early years, the Illini remained largely silent on the controversial question of fraternities. A chapter of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=5378\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Delta Tau Delta<\/a>\u00a0fraternity formed on campus as early as 1872, but was forced to go underground four years later because of John Milton Gregory\u2019s hostility: The regent considered the secret societies to be undemocratic and unethical. Gregory did not go so far as to ban fraternities, but he did persuade the Board of Trustees to express its condemnation of them.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn11studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref11studentlife\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Selim Peabody, Gregory\u2019s successor, took a harder line against fraternities. Beginning in 1882, students were required to pledge that they would not join a fraternity. According to a woman student, the institution of the \u201ciron-clad\u201d anti-fraternity pledge came as \u201ca mighty blow to the boys; I shall never forget the groan that followed this announcement at chapel by Dr. Peabody.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn12studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref12studentlife\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0The student continued: \u201cevidently these college fathers did not know all about boys yet. It is said that the fraternities flourished even better after that, like the early Christians, whose persecutions only added to their numbers.\u201d Indeed, the recently organized Sigma Chi chapter prospered for many years after the ban\u2019s implementation, continuing its existence by means of a sham organization known as the Ten Tautological Tautogs.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn13studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref13studentlife\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_836\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-836\" style=\"width: 420px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/201005_Anti-fraternity-Pledge1982-420x261-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-836\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/201005_Anti-fraternity-Pledge1982-420x261-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/201005_Anti-fraternity-Pledge1982-420x261-1.jpg 420w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/201005_Anti-fraternity-Pledge1982-420x261-1-300x186.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-836\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anti-Fraternity pledge | RS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Fraternity men played a major role in forcing Peabody\u2019s resignation in 1891. Thomas J. Burrill, Peabody\u2019s replacement, was no fan of fraternities, but he \u201ctolerated\u201d them.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn14studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref14studentlife\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0In September 1891 the Board of Trustees lifted the ban on Greek societies. Before long, Sigma Chi and Kappa Sigma had established chapters on campus: many more fraternities would follow suit, often setting up headquarters in rented spaces above downtown Champaign stores. In 1895 the first sororities appeared at the U of I\u2013Pi Beta Phi and Kappa Alpha Theta. By the end of the Draper administration\u2014in 1904\u2014there were thirteen national fraternities on campus and five sororities; most of these Greek organizations then occupied frame houses on Green Street.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn15studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref15studentlife\">[15]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_835\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-835\" style=\"width: 420px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=9003&amp;_gl=1*1hhjhxz*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk1Njk4LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-835\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0007029_Pi-Beta-Phi_1897-420x302-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0007029_Pi-Beta-Phi_1897-420x302-1.jpg 420w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0007029_Pi-Beta-Phi_1897-420x302-1-300x216.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-835\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pi Beta Phi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Not just the Greeks were organizing during these years. Chemists and engineers and architects formed professional societies. In the mid-1880s, the Civil Engineering Club began publishing \u201ca collection of technical essays comparable in many ways to the best articles in professional journals\u201d; this publication, christened\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=739\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Technograph<\/a>\u00a0in 1891, is still being issued today.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn16studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref16studentlife\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0Another long-running campus institution\u2014Star Course\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=4537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=4538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=4539\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3<\/a>\u2014emerged during this period, beginning life as a lecture course sponsored by the Adelphic and Philomathean literary societies.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn17studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref17studentlife\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0The University Military Band, the University Orchestra, the Glee and Mandolin Club, the Ladies Glee Club, and the Oratorio Society all catered to \u201cthe muse of music.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn18studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref18studentlife\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0For the religiously inclined, there were the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=394\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YMCA<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=394\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YWCA<\/a>. In the early 1900s, over forty percent of the women students belonged to the YWCA and over thirty percent of the men to the YMCA.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn19studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref19studentlife\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0First published in 1883, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YMCA-YWCA handbook<\/a>\u00a0introduced several generations of incoming freshmen to the University\u2019s customs, traditions, rules, and regulations.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn20studentlife\" name=\"_ftnref20studentlife\">[20]<\/a><\/p>\n<h5>References<\/h5>\n<p class=\"small\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref1studentlife\" name=\"_ftn1studentlife\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Winton Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois, 1867-1894: An Intellectual and Cultural History<\/em>\u00a0(Urbana: University of<br \/>\nIllinois Press, 1968), 169.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref2studentlife\" name=\"_ftn2studentlife\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Carl Stephens, \u201cThe University of Illinois\u2013A History, 1867-1947,\u201d Carl Stephens Manuscript History (26\/1\/21), Chapter<br \/>\n2, 28, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref3studentlife\" name=\"_ftn3studentlife\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg, 110.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref4studentlife\" name=\"_ftn4studentlife\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Charles Jeffers Letter, 1937 July 23, Carl Stephens Papers (26\/1\/20), B: 8, F: Athletics, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref5studentlife\" name=\"_ftn5studentlife\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg, 192-93.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref6studentlife\" name=\"_ftn6studentlife\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Charles Kiler,\u00a0<em>On the Banks of the Boneyard<\/em>\u00a0(Urbana: Illini Union Bookstore, 1942), 7.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref7studentlife\" name=\"_ftn7studentlife\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Stephens, Chapter 2, 28.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref8studentlife\" name=\"_ftn8studentlife\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0<em>The Illini<\/em>, 1 April 1875.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref9studentlife\" name=\"_ftn9studentlife\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg, 201-3.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref10studentlife\" name=\"_ftn10studentlife\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Winton Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois, 1894-1904: The Shaping of the University<\/em>\u00a0(Urbana: University of Illinois<br \/>\nPress, 2000), 275-77.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref11studentlife\" name=\"_ftn11studentlife\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1867-1894<\/em>, 201.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref12studentlife\" name=\"_ftn12studentlife\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Robert Jacobs, \u201cThe Fraternity System at the University of Illinois,\u201d Greek Affairs Subject File (41\/2\/48), B: 55, F:<br \/>\nJacobs, 58, University of Illinois Archives. |\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=3895\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Link<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref13studentlife\" name=\"_ftn13studentlife\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1867-1894<\/em>, 295.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref14studentlife\" name=\"_ftn14studentlife\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0Kiler, 55.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref15studentlife\" name=\"_ftn15studentlife\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1894-1904<\/em>, 341-47<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref16studentlife\" name=\"_ftn16studentlife\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0Stephens, Chapter 3, 7.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref17studentlife\" name=\"_ftn17studentlife\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1894-1904<\/em>, 311.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref18studentlife\" name=\"_ftn18studentlife\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 327-37.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref19studentlife\" name=\"_ftn19studentlife\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 281.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref20studentlife\" name=\"_ftn20studentlife\">[20]<\/a>\u00a0Stephens, Chapter 3, 7.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3><strong>Explore Student Experiences<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div id=\"image_gallery_container\" class=\"flex flex-row sh-gap-4\">\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/4\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2602801_AlumniNewsPotter.pdf\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Adelia Potter\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120231_AdeliaPotterc1874-703x1200-1.jpg\" alt=\"img description\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/4\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120026_Matthewsltr09151868.pdf\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            James Newton Matthews\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2604001_JamesNewtonMatthews1872-798x1200-1.jpg\" alt=\"img description\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/4\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/CarlosMontezuma.pdf\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Carlos Montezuma\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Ill-Alum_-Carlos-Montezuma_20061-900x1200-1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full md:sh-w-1\/4\">\n        <div class=\"sh-relative sh-mb-2 sh-text-center\">\n        <a class=\"focusable-link sh-block hover:sh-outline hover:sh-outline-offset-2 hover:sh-outline-2 hover:sh-outline-altgeld\"  href=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_RalphAllenCompositionBook.pdf\">\n          <div class=\"sh-absolute sh-bottom-0 sh-p-2 sh-w-full sh-mb-0 sh-text-white\" style=\"background: rgba(0,0,0,0.75); font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal;\">\n            Ralph Allen\n          <\/div>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_RalphAllenandroommates1876-789x1200-1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n        <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"x-text\"><strong>Further Resources<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div id=\"\" class=\"x-text\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=2613\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Philomathean Society Records<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=2608\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adelphic Society Records<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=2609\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alethenai Society Records<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=803\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>The Student<\/em>\u00a0Publication<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=2525\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University Bands Collection<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Student Regulations<\/h2>\n<p>Student discipline at first was severe\u2014no smoking, no drinking, no noise in the hallways. In 1870, however, Regent Gregory established what may be the first student government in the country. Mimicking the federal structure of the U.S. Government, the elected body imposed fines for infractions of student code, including whistling, dancing, gambling, etc., until this experiment ended in 1883.<\/p>\n<p>Regent Peabody imposed his own demerit system, which was so detested that in 1890, he was doused by students with a fire hose as he attempted to break up a dance. In 1891, a cadet rebellion helped force his resignation. Peabody\u2019s successor liberalized many of these unpopular, puritanical policies.<\/p>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id7_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id7_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id7\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id7\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id7\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id7\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<p>During the first two years of the University\u2019s existence, the faculty had the unenviable task of regulating student conduct. The Protestant faculty, the heavily Baptist Board of Trustees, and the Baptist regent set the school\u2019s moral tone, giving it a distinctly \u201cneo-puritanical\u201d flavor. \u201cSmoking was considered an evil and drinking an abomination,\u201d Winton Solberg wrote.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn1studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref1studentregulations\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0In keeping with such an outlook, the faculty prohibited students from using alcohol and from visiting saloons, billiard parlors, and gambling halls. Students weren\u2019t even allowed to make \u201cunnecessary noise in the halls.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn2studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref2studentregulations\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=151&amp;_gl=1*1ezprmi*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk2MzI2LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-843\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_DeadBeetstudgov1874-171x420-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"171\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_DeadBeetstudgov1874-171x420-1.jpg 171w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0201005_DeadBeetstudgov1874-171x420-1-122x300.jpg 122w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 171px) 100vw, 171px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Regent John Milton Gregory did the unimaginable in the fall of 1870 when he ostensibly handed over control of student discipline to the students themselves. Gregory established a student government\u2014possibly the first example of its kind in the United States. \u201cYou are young Americans,\u201d Gregory declared to the students in October 1870, \u201cyou expect to govern yourselves and will be governors of the country by-and-by; why not begin now?\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn3studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref3studentregulations\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Mimicking the structure of the federal government, the College Government initially had a General Assembly, a five-person Council with judicial powers, and an executive body made up of a President, Adjutant, and Hall Sergeants.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn4studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref4studentregulations\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Parties with names like Government, Reform, Illini, Enforcement, and Dress Reform (pro-women\u2019s rights) vied for the student vote.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn5studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref5studentregulations\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0James Robert Mann, a member of the Government party in the mid-1870s, went on to become the Minority Leader of the U. S. House from 1911 until 1919.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=374&amp;_gl=1*7n2kqc*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk2MzI2LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-854\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_AllenTicket_c1873-287x420-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_AllenTicket_c1873-287x420-1.jpg 287w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120021_AllenTicket_c1873-287x420-1-205x300.jpg 205w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 287px) 100vw, 287px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/archives.library.illinois.edu\/archon\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Government<\/a>\u00a0set up a system of fines to punish misbehavior: misdemeanors of the first degree were subject to a fine of between $5 and $20; the second degree, $1 and $5; and the third degree, $1 or less. Students who swept their Dormitory rooms or set their \u201cslop-pails\u201d in the halls between 7 in the morning and 5 in the evening and those who disturbed the peace of University Hall or the Dormitory by \u201cwhistling, singing, dancing, or making any unnecessary noise during the time of study and quietness\u201d were guilty of misdemeanors of the third degree. Students possessing \u201cany vinous, fermented, spiritous, malt, mixed or otherwise intoxicating liquors\u201d and those visiting \u201cany drinking shop, or saloon, billiard hall, ball alley, or gambling house of any kind\u201d were guilty of misdemeanors of the second degree.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn6studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref6studentregulations\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0The faculty members, however, still had disciplinary powers and exercised them in certain cases: in 1880, for example, they expelled a sophomore \u201cfor taking a woman of ill repute to the dormitory\u201d and ordered him to immediately leave town.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn7studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref7studentregulations\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_853\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-853\" style=\"width: 253px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=collections\/controlcard&amp;id=4014&amp;_gl=1*7n2kqc*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk2MzI2LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-853\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_JohnMiltonGregory_.-253x420-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"253\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_JohnMiltonGregory_.-253x420-1.jpg 253w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_JohnMiltonGregory_.-253x420-1-181x300.jpg 181w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 253px) 100vw, 253px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-853\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Milton Gregory<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The College Government worked well for a time, but cracks soon began to develop. Early in 1872, the Government\u2019s Council fined fifteen students who engaged in choir practice during study hours. Since a professor had approved the rehearsal, Regent Gregory told the choir members to ignore the Government. Student legislators objected to Gregory\u2019s arbitrary action, and the Government\u2019s position was ultimately sustained.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn8studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref8studentregulations\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0The Government, though, started to lose favor as its powers were expanded and as it increasingly became the plaything of rival student factions. (At an early date the Delta Tau Delta fraternity was rumored to have seized control of the Government.)<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn9studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref9studentregulations\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0In 1883 the students voted to end Gregory\u2019s \u201cnoble experiment,\u201d and the faculty once again took full control of student discipline.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn10studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref10studentregulations\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_852\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-852\" style=\"width: 294px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=5855&amp;_gl=1*zfktri*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk2MzI2LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-852\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Peabody1880s-294x420-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"294\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Peabody1880s-294x420-1.jpg 294w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Peabody1880s-294x420-1-210x300.jpg 210w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-852\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Regent Selim Peabody<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Regent Selim Peabody did not mourn the demise of the College Government, and he soon established a demerit system as a replacement. Under this system, an individual teacher could give a student up to ten demerits for \u201cany infraction of good order\u201d: a total of 200 demerits resulted in the student\u2019s expulsion. Students resented the demerit system, but peace reigned for a time after its imposition.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn11studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref11studentregulations\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_851\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-851\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-851 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/YMCA-Handbook-Map-1892-1184x626-1-1024x541.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/YMCA-Handbook-Map-1892-1184x626-1-1024x541.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/YMCA-Handbook-Map-1892-1184x626-1-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/YMCA-Handbook-Map-1892-1184x626-1-768x406.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/YMCA-Handbook-Map-1892-1184x626-1.jpg 1184w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-851\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map showing location of Drill Hall<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In 1887 the metaphorical dam broke, and \u201ca new era of disorder,\u201d in Solberg\u2019s words, rocked the University.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn12studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref12studentregulations\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Record numbers of students began to excuse themselves from chapel and military drill: the demerits piled up.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/288269227\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In 1886-7<\/a>\u00a0only two students had been given demerits, but in the following year 48 students received a total of 1260 demerits.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn13studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref13studentregulations\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0Even the regent himself became a target of student mischief. In 1890, when Peabody attempted to break up a forbidden dance held at the Drill Hall (now Kenney Gym Annex), he was greeted by students wielding a fire hose: the hose was turned on and Peabody was washed out of the building!<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn14studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref14studentregulations\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0Peabody\u2019s misery came to a merciful end in 1891 when a cadet rebellion and a conspiracy hatched by a group of students and alumni helped force his resignation.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn15studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref15studentregulations\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0During the year of the rebellion, two hundred students had been awarded a staggering 6315 demerits.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn16studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref16studentregulations\">[16]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_850\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-850\" style=\"width: 290px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-850\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_Official-report-on-Peabody-incident_Mar-21-18911-290x420-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"290\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_Official-report-on-Peabody-incident_Mar-21-18911-290x420-1.jpg 290w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_Official-report-on-Peabody-incident_Mar-21-18911-290x420-1-207x300.jpg 207w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-850\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Illini Report on Peabody Incident<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Peabody\u2019s resignation and his replacement by Professor of Botany Thomas J. Burrill as acting regent marked a watershed moment in the history of student life at the University of Illinois. Under Burrill, Peabody\u2019s hated demerit scheme was eliminated, the fraternity ban was lifted, chapel attendance was made voluntary, the requirements for military drill were reduced, an elective system of study was introduced, and athletics were encouraged.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn17studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref17studentregulations\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0One alumnus later claimed that the Burrill administration provided \u201cthe real start toward making our alma mater a great University.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn18studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref18studentregulations\">[18]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_849\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-849\" style=\"width: 267px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/onbanksofboneyar00kile\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-849\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/on-the-banks-of-the-boneyard-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"267\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/on-the-banks-of-the-boneyard-1.jpg 267w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/on-the-banks-of-the-boneyard-1-237x300.jpg 237w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-849\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">On the banks of the Boneyard, Kiler<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Burrill also gave the faculty a role in the administration of the University when he created an executive committee of deans. That role did not last long. Under Andrew Draper, Burrill\u2019s successor, the faculty lost most of their administrative powers, except those relating to educational policy and curricula. Draper assumed control of most University functions and set up the Council of Administration to serve as \u201cthe extended arm of the president.\u201d Answerable only to the Board of Trustees, the Council was given exclusive control over student discipline.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn19studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref19studentregulations\">[19]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_848\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-848\" style=\"width: 239px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=5856&amp;_gl=1*1yvx5ax*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk3ODI0LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-848 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Burrill1890-334x420-1-239x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"239\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Burrill1890-334x420-1-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_Burrill1890-334x420-1.jpg 334w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 239px) 100vw, 239px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-848\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thomas J. Burrill<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Disciplinary cases involving \u201cboisterous\u201d students kept the Council very busy during its early years. In February 1895 the Council suspended nine sophomores who kidnapped three freshmen, including the class president. The so-called \u201cNaughty Nine\u201d were re-instated as students after the freshman and sophomore classes renounced hazing. Two years later, sophomores, once again the culprits, broke up the freshman social using \u201ceye water\u201d: freshman Estella May Radenbaugh was blinded for two days after she got the chemical in her eyes. The Council expelled eight students for this action\u2014the last six to face expulsion were dubbed the \u201cSinful Six.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn20studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref20studentregulations\">[20]<\/a>\u00a0Andrew Jackson Dougherty, Jr., the first student to be expelled, later wrote to Draper confessing his guilt and begging for the forgiveness \u201cof the University I wronged.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn21studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref21studentregulations\">[21]<\/a>\u00a0The Council was faced with a new form of hazing in 1901 when boneyard dunking made its debut. Fueled by class rivalries, hazing grew progressively worse during the Draper years. Thomas Arkle Clark, Draper\u2019s newly appointed Dean of Undergraduates, would spend his career combating such \u201cdeviltry.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn22studentregulations\" name=\"_ftnref22studentregulations\">[22]<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-grid sh-grid-cols-1 md:sh-grid-cols-12 sh-gap-3\"><div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\"><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_847\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-847\" style=\"width: 226px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL18950307.2.15&amp;dliv=none&amp;e=-------en-20-DIL-1--txt-txIN---------\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-847\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_Naughty-Nine-are-caught_Mar-7-1895-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"226\" height=\"353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_Naughty-Nine-are-caught_Mar-7-1895-1.jpg 226w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_Naughty-Nine-are-caught_Mar-7-1895-1-192x300.jpg 192w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-847\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Naughty Nine arrested<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_846\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-846\" style=\"width: 420px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL18950321.2.6&amp;dliv=none&amp;e=-------en-20-DIL-1--txt-txIN--------\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-846\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_naughty-nine-administration-endorsed_Mar-21-1895-420x192-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_naughty-nine-administration-endorsed_Mar-21-1895-420x192-1.jpg 420w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_naughty-nine-administration-endorsed_Mar-21-1895-420x192-1-300x137.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-846\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Naughty Nine punishment<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"shortcode sh-col-span-4 sh-pb-3\">\n<figure id=\"attachment_845\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-845\" style=\"width: 317px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-845\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0204001_AD-to-draper_18981-317x420-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"317\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0204001_AD-to-draper_18981-317x420-1.jpg 317w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/0204001_AD-to-draper_18981-317x420-1-226x300.jpg 226w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 317px) 100vw, 317px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-845\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andrew Jackson Dougherty to Andrew Draper, 19 April 1898, Andrew Draper General Correspondence File (2\/4\/1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_844\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-844\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=6240&amp;_gl=1*1qpcgu7*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk4MDg3LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-844 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2630002_boneyard-dunking_ca1910-1184x791-1-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2630002_boneyard-dunking_ca1910-1184x791-1-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2630002_boneyard-dunking_ca1910-1184x791-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2630002_boneyard-dunking_ca1910-1184x791-1-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/2630002_boneyard-dunking_ca1910-1184x791-1.jpg 1184w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-844\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A University of Illinois Freshman is thrown into the Boneyard Creek as part of class rivalry activities, c. 1910-1915<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h5>References<\/h5>\n<p class=\"small\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref1studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn1studentregulations\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Winton Solberg, The University of Illinois, 1867-1894: An Intellectual and Cultural History (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1968), 180.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref2studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn2studentregulations\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 184.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref3studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn3studentregulations\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Robert Jacobs, \u201cThe Fraternity System at the University of Illinois,\u201d Greek Affairs Subject File (41\/2\/48), Box: 55, F: Jacobs, 41, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref4studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn4studentregulations\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg, 185.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref5studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn5studentregulations\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Carl Stephens, \u201cThe University of Illinois\u2013A History, 1867-1947,\u201d Carl Stephens Manuscript History (26\/1\/21), Chapter<br \/>\n2, 33, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref6studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn6studentregulations\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cConstitution and Laws of College Government,\u201d ca. 1875, Allen Family Papers (41\/20\/21), B: 2, F: I.I.U. Student Goverment Tickets, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref7studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn7studentregulations\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg, 277-78.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref8studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn8studentregulations\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 186.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref9studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn9studentregulations\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Stephens, Chapter 2, 33.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref10studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn10studentregulations\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg, 280-83.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref11studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn11studentregulations\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 289-90.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref12studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn12studentregulations\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 317.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref13studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn13studentregulations\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0Joseph DeMartini, \u201cStudent Protest during Two Periods in the History of the University of Illinois: 1867-1894 and 1929-1942\u201d (Ph.D. Diss., University of Illinois, 1974), 162.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref14studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn14studentregulations\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0Charles Albert Kiler, On the Banks of the Boneyard (Urbana: Illini Union Bookstore, 1942), 44.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref15studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn15studentregulations\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg, 318-25.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref16studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn16studentregulations\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0DeMartini, 162.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref17studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn17studentregulations\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg, 343-44, 373-81.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref18studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn18studentregulations\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0Kiler, 52.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref19studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn19studentregulations\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0Stephens, Chapter 4, 18-20.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref20studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn20studentregulations\">[20]<\/a>\u00a0Winton Solberg, The University of Illinois 1894-1904: The Shaping of the University (Urbana: University of Illinois<br \/>\nPress, 2000), 297-300.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref21studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn21studentregulations\">[21]<\/a>\u00a0Andrew Jackson Dougherty to Andrew Draper, 19 April 1898, Andrew Draper General Correspondence File (2\/4\/1), B:3, F. Dougherty, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref22studentregulations\" name=\"_ftn22studentregulations\">[22]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg, The University of Illinois 1894-1904, 300-4.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3>Further Resources<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_620\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-620\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL18910307.2.19&amp;srpos=9&amp;e=-------en-20-DIL-1-byDA-txt-txIN----------\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-620 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_Reminder-to-study_Mar-7-1891-300x271.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_Reminder-to-study_Mar-7-1891-300x271.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_Reminder-to-study_Mar-7-1891.jpg 483w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-620\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reminder to study from the Daily Illini March 7, 1891<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_616\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-616\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL18910207.2.11&amp;srpos=3&amp;e=-------en-20-DIL-1-byDA-txt-txIN----------\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-616\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_battalion-resigns_Feb-7-1891-300x194.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_battalion-resigns_Feb-7-1891-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illini_battalion-resigns_Feb-7-1891.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-616\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Resignation of the Battalion, Daily Illini February 7, 1891<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-707\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/sports-icon-1200x120-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/sports-icon-1200x120-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/sports-icon-1200x120-1-300x30.png 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/sports-icon-1200x120-1-1024x102.png 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/sports-icon-1200x120-1-768x77.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Traditions &amp; Sports<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_858\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-858\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=9000&amp;_gl=1*1a1dv84*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk4MDg3LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-858\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/varsity-300x228.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/varsity-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/varsity-1024x779.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/varsity-768x584.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/varsity-1536x1168.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/varsity-2048x1558.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-858\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Varsity Baseball Team, 1887<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Students yearned for a school culture. Class rivalries filled that niche, resulting in classes adopting their own colors, yells, and symbols, and by 1872, class memorial gifts. By 1879, the rivalries became physical, often leading to injuries and, in one case, George Huff hanging from a chandelier. President Draper reined this in by promoting all-school spirit. By 1894, students had chosen all-school colors, songs, and yells.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Intramural and intercollegiate baseball and football were the big sports. By 1892, there was a director of athletics and a professional coach. In 1883, students formed the Athletic Association, leading to development of Illinois Field in 1896, the same year the University helped found the Big Ten.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n  <div id=\"ui_lib_panel\" class=\"shortcode sh-w-full !sh-border !sh-border-gray-300 sh-drop-shadow-sm sh-mb-2\">\n    \n    <div class=\"shortcode sh-w-full sh-px-3 sh-py-1.5 sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black sh-flex sh-justify-between sh-items-center sh-relative\">\n      <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-base sh-font-semibold sh-no-underline\">Open to Read More<\/span><\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"sh-flex sh-flex-col\"> \n          <div><span class=\"shortcode sh-text-xs sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id8_label\" > expand <\/span><\/div>\n          <div class=\"sh-flex sh-justify-center -sh-mt-1\"><i class=\"shortcode fa-solid fa-caret-down sh-text-xl sh-font-semibold sh-transition sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out sh-bg-neutral-200 !sh-text-black !sh-no-underline ui-lib-coll-pan-id8_arrow\" ><\/i> <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <button type=\"button\" id=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id8\" class=\"shortcode sh-absolute sh-top-0 sh-left-0 sh-w-full sh-h-full sh-bg-transparent focus:sh-outline-none focus-visible:sh-ring focus-visible:sh-ring-orange-700\" data-toggle=\"ui_lib_collapse\" data-target=\".ui-lib-coll-pan-id8\" aria-controls=\"ui-lib-coll-pan-id8\" aria-expanded=\"false\" title=\"Open to Read More\"><\/button>\n    <\/div>\n  <div class=\"shortcode sh-text-black sh-block sh-h-auto sh-max-h-0 sh-overflow-hidden sh-transition-max-height sh-duration-500 sh-ease-in-out ui-lib-coll-pan-id8\"  inert>\n      <div class=\"shortcode sh-px-2 sh-py-2\">\n<p>Almost from the beginning, Illinois students attempted to create a culture of their own. No innovators, they naturally adopted the customs and traditions of the long-established Eastern colleges. Their literary societies, for example, were modeled on the literary societies of the East. Already in 1879, a writer for the\u00a0<em>Illini<\/em>\u00a0newspaper noticed the emergence of a definite student culture. \u201cAlthough we are not a dozen years old,\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL18791201.2.9&amp;e=--1901---1906--en-20-DIL-1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the\u00a0<em>Illini<\/em>\u00a0editor wrote<\/a>, \u201cthere are customs originating and habits being formed among us which will leave an indelible imprint upon the history of our University.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn1traditions\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_460\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-460\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn1traditions\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-460\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120131_full-class-cane_1895-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120131_full-class-cane_1895-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120131_full-class-cane_1895.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-460\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn1traditions\">Class Cane<\/a><a style=\"font-size: 16px;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn1traditions\" name=\"_ftnref1traditions\"><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_459\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-459\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=10208&amp;_gl=1*11rc8gh*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk4MDg3LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-459 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120131_class-cane_1895-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120131_class-cane_1895-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/4120131_class-cane_1895.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-459\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Class Cane (detail)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Like their peers in the Eastern colleges, Illinois students developed a strong attachment to their particular classes. \u201cFor four years a whole class marched in lock step through the same course of studies,\u201d Winton Solberg wrote. \u201cMembers formed close personal bonds and developed intense loyalty to their class.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn2traditions\" name=\"_ftnref2traditions\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Students identified more with their classes than with the University itself. Individual classes soon adopted their own colors, yells, and status symbols such as class canes. As early as 1877, the seniors chose plug hats as their symbol while the juniors showed their class rank by attending a party decked out in academic caps and gowns.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn3traditions\" name=\"_ftnref3traditions\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_651\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-651\" style=\"width: 214px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/illio1903univ\/page\/94\/mode\/2up?view=theater\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-651\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Class-1904_19031-214x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Class-1904_19031-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Class-1904_19031.jpg 571w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-651\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Class of 1904 Illio page<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn3traditions\" name=\"_ftnref3traditions\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/uihistories.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/cview?SITEID=1&amp;ID=292\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Class memorials\u00a0<\/a>were another product of this so-called \u201cclass system.\u201d Illinois seniors inaugurated an annual tradition in 1872 when they presented a stone tablet as a class memorial. Two years later, the members of the graduating class attempted to perpetuate their memory by planting a sycamore tree. The class memorials became more elaborate over the years: subsequent classes would bequeath to the University such gifts as the University Hall tower clock (1878), the Senior Bench (1900), the boulder drinking fountain (1902), a sun dial (1903), the bench and light (1912), and the Lincoln Hall gateway (1913).<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn4traditions\" name=\"_ftnref4traditions\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_370\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-370\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=1837&amp;_gl=1*ylo7s5*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk5MTY0LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-370\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_University-Hall_c1910-300x224.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_University-Hall_c1910-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_University-Hall_c1910.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-370\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">University Hall, c1910<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn4traditions\" name=\"_ftnref4traditions\"><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_652\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-652\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/illio1904univ\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-652\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Garland-Stahl-aka-Jake_1895-300x73.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"73\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Garland-Stahl-aka-Jake_1895-300x73.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Garland-Stahl-aka-Jake_1895-768x186.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Garland-Stahl-aka-Jake_1895.jpg 776w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-652\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garland \u201cJake\u201d Stahl<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn4traditions\" name=\"_ftnref4traditions\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>On May 8, 1872, a student team defeated Champaign\u2019s Eagle Baseball Club by a score of 2-1 in what was the first athletic match held at the University. The University Baseball Association was formed in 1878, and the following year, Illinois entered the realm of intercollegiate athletics when, on October 2, 1879, its baseball nine defeated an Illinois College team, 12-5.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn12traditions\" name=\"_ftnref12traditions\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0In those days, baseball took a back-seat to oratory, and intercollegiate baseball games were played at the annual Intercollegiate Oratorical Contests. But things had changed by 1887: that year the \u201coratorical\u201d contest devoted three days to baseball and only one evening to oratory.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn13traditions\" name=\"_ftnref13traditions\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0Illinois became a powerhouse in intercollegiate baseball under the leadership of George Huff. Members of the conference-winning 1902 team were hailed as \u201cthe champions of the United States\u201d when, on an Eastern tour, they defeated Princeton, Army, Yale, and Pennsylvania, losing only to Harvard.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn14traditions\" name=\"_ftnref14traditions\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0That famous team featured such future stars as Carl Lundgren, a Chicago Cubs pitcher for seven years, and Garland \u201cJake\u201d Stahl, manager and first baseman of the World Series-winning 1912 Boston Americans.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn15traditions\" name=\"_ftnref15traditions\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0On May 9, 1903, Stahl slugged ten home-runs in a game against Michigan.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn16traditions\" name=\"_ftnref16traditions\">[16]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_365\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-365\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=2413&amp;_gl=1*17446xu*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk5MTY0LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-365\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_broadsides_1914-1200x861-1-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_broadsides_1914-1200x861-1-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_broadsides_1914-1200x861-1-1024x735.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_broadsides_1914-1200x861-1-768x551.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_broadsides_1914-1200x861-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-365\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Class broadside<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn16traditions\" name=\"_ftnref16traditions\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_364\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-364\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=2117&amp;_gl=1*n1zo2e*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk5MTY0LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-364 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_baseball-game_ca1909-1200x386-1-1024x329.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_baseball-game_ca1909-1200x386-1-1024x329.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_baseball-game_ca1909-1200x386-1-300x97.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_baseball-game_ca1909-1200x386-1-768x247.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_baseball-game_ca1909-1200x386-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-364\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1909 baseball game<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Football eventually overtook baseball as the preeminent college sport. The first football game on campus apparently occurred in about 1876, though Henry Dunlap, who was graduated the previous year, recalled students kicking a football\u2013\u201ca big, awkward, rounded thing\u201d\u2013\u201cup and down the south end of the campus.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn17traditions\" name=\"_ftnref17traditions\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0Writing in the fall of 1878, the\u00a0<em>Illini<\/em>\u00a0claimed that \u201cfoot ball had entirely superseded base ball and all other kinds of amusement this season.\u201d The\u00a0<em>Illini<\/em>\u00a0continued: \u201cOn every possible occasion the ball can be seen flying about, and boys with limping gaits, bandaged shins and skinned noses are no longer objects of sympathy, but rather he who has the most bumps and bruises, and can run the fastest and kick the hardest . . . is the hero.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn18traditions\" name=\"_ftnref18traditions\">[18]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_368\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-368\" style=\"width: 191px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=10406&amp;_gl=1*fb5sng*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk5MTY0LjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-368\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_George-Huff_c1910-191x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"191\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_George-Huff_c1910-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902024_George-Huff_c1910.jpg 336w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 191px) 100vw, 191px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-368\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">George Huff, c1910<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_650\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-650\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/illio1904univ\/page\/304\/mode\/2up?view=theater\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-650\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Baseball-team-1902_1904-300x260.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Baseball-team-1902_1904-300x260.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Baseball-team-1902_1904.jpg 532w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-650\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Huff\u2019s winning 1902 team<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_322\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-322\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archon.library.illinois.edu\/archives\/index.php?p=digitallibrary\/digitalcontent&amp;id=482&amp;_gl=1*1ya1hl5*_ga*MjE2Mzc5ODQ0LjE3MTA3ODM1NDU.*_ga_YKXZBYWM4X*MTcxNTc5NTY5NC4yMjcuMS4xNzE1Nzk5NTQwLjAuMC4w\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-322\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_illini-field-entrance_ca1910-1200x756-1-300x189.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_illini-field-entrance_ca1910-1200x756-1-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_illini-field-entrance_ca1910-1200x756-1-1024x645.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_illini-field-entrance_ca1910-1200x756-1-768x484.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/3902020_illini-field-entrance_ca1910-1200x756-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-322\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illinois Field entrance, c1910<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The popularity of football grew slowly in the 1880s. In the spring of 1883 the student newspaper reported that the game had been \u201cresurrected\u201d after a period of dormancy and \u201cthe boys are once more furiously engaged in kicking each other.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn19traditions\" name=\"_ftnref19traditions\">[19]<\/a> In the fall of 1888 two teams, one led by future Supervising Architect James White and the other by future Registrar William Pillsbury, battled on the gridiron in a game that resulted \u201cin numerous bruised shins, and many stiffened joints.\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn20traditions\" name=\"_ftnref20traditions\">[20]<\/a>\u00a0Two years later, freshman Scott Williams organized Illinois\u2019 first \u201cregular\u201d football team. In its first intercollegiate match, held on October 2, 1890, the Illini eleven lost to Illinois Wesleyan by a score of 16-0. \u201cThe Wesleyans do nothing else but play football in the way of outdoor sports so they had the advantage over the U. of I. boys,\u201d the Illini explained.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn21traditions\" name=\"_ftnref21traditions\">[21]<\/a>\u00a0Later that season, an experienced Purdue team routed Illinois, 62-0. The Illini had \u201clearned a great deal about foot-ball\u201d from Purdue and closed out the year on a positive note, beating Illinois Wesleyan in a re-match, 12-6.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn22traditions\" name=\"_ftnref22traditions\">[22]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_654\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-654\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/illio1904univ\/page\/304\/mode\/2up?view=theater\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-654\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Halls-1892-fb-team-pic_1895-1200x856-1-300x214.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Halls-1892-fb-team-pic_1895-1200x856-1-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Halls-1892-fb-team-pic_1895-1200x856-1-1024x730.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Halls-1892-fb-team-pic_1895-1200x856-1-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/Illio_Halls-1892-fb-team-pic_1895-1200x856-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-654\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edward Hall\u2019s 1892 football team<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_624\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-624\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/univofillinois.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/Cascade\/index.html?appid=822c2a29508941219124e8343142fc19\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-624\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/illinois-field_storymap-1200x619-1-300x155.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/illinois-field_storymap-1200x619-1-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/illinois-field_storymap-1200x619-1-1024x528.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/illinois-field_storymap-1200x619-1-768x396.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/illinois-field_storymap-1200x619-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-624\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Illinois Field StoryMap<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Despite this inauspicious beginning, football was here to stay. The forced departure of Regent Selim Peabody\u2014a staunch opponent of collegiate athletics\u2014paved the way for football and other Illinois sports. In June 1892 the University hired Edward K. Hall as the school\u2019s first director of athletics and first full-time professional coach. In his first season as coach, Hall led the Illini eleven to a winning season\u2014seven wins, three losses, and two ties. The Illinois football, baseball, and track teams now had a spacious new field for their endeavors thanks to the Athletic Association. Formed by students in 1883 and incorporated seven years later, the Athletic Association had taken the lead in promoting Illinois athletics. In 1891 the Association obtained $350 from the Board of Trustees for the development of the so-called Athletic Park on the north campus\u2014the former site of \u201cThe Elephant.\u201d Re-named Illinois Field in 1896, this park would long serve as a center of student activity\u2013athletic and otherwise.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn23traditions\" name=\"_ftnref23traditions\">[23]<\/a>\u00a0In 1896 Illinois co-founded the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives, later known as the Big Ten.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftn24traditions\" name=\"_ftnref24traditions\">[24]<\/a>\u00a0The future of Illinois intercollegiate athletics was secure.<\/p>\n<h5>References<\/h5>\n<p class=\"small\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref1traditions\" name=\"_ftn1traditions\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0<em>The Illini<\/em>, 1 December 1879.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref2traditions\" name=\"_ftn2traditions\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Winton Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1894-1904: The Shaping of the University<\/em>\u00a0(Urbana: University of Illinois<br \/>\nPress, 2000), 270.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref3traditions\" name=\"_ftn3traditions\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Carl Stephens, \u201cThe University of Illinois\u2013A History, 1867-1947,\u201d Carl Stephens Manuscript History (26\/1\/21), Chapter<br \/>\n2, 32, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref4traditions\" name=\"_ftn4traditions\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Daily Illini<\/em>, 18 September 1932.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref5traditions\" name=\"_ftn5traditions\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0Winton Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1867-1894: An Intellectual and Cultural History<\/em>\u00a0(Urbana: University of<br \/>\nIllinois Press, 1968), 283-85.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref6traditions\" name=\"_ftn6traditions\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Charles Albert Kiler,\u00a0<em>On the Banks of the Boneyard<\/em>\u00a0(Urbana, Illini Union Bookstore, 1942), 30.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref7traditions\" name=\"_ftn7traditions\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg, 311.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref8traditions\" name=\"_ftn8traditions\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Kiler, 46-47.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref9traditions\" name=\"_ftn9traditions\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1894-1904<\/em>, 270-71.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref10traditions\" name=\"_ftn10traditions\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 271-74.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref11traditions\" name=\"_ftn11traditions\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Charles Jeffers Letter, 1937 July 23, Carl Stephens Papers (26\/1\/20), B: 8, F: Athletics, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref12traditions\" name=\"_ftn12traditions\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1867-1894<\/em>, 204-6.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref13traditions\" name=\"_ftn13traditions\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0Joseph DeMartini, \u201cStudent Protest during Two Periods in the History of the University of Illinois: 1867-1894 and 1929-<br \/>\n1942\u201d (Ph.D. Diss., University of Illinois, 1974), 169-70.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref14traditions\" name=\"_ftn14traditions\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1894-1904<\/em>, 375-76.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref15traditions\" name=\"_ftn15traditions\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0Carl Stephens, \u201cThe University of Illinois\u2013A History, 1867-1947,\u201d Carl Stephens Manuscript History (26\/1\/21), Chapter<br \/>\n10, 8-9, University of Illinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref16traditions\" name=\"_ftn16traditions\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,<em>\u00a0The University of Illinois 1894-1904<\/em>, 376.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref17traditions\" name=\"_ftn17traditions\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 357; Henry Dunlap, \u201cEarly Sports History,\u201d Carl Stephens Papers (26\/1\/20), B: 8, F: Athletics, University of<br \/>\nIllinois Archives.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref18traditions\" name=\"_ftn18traditions\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0<em>The Illini<\/em>, 1 December 1878. |\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/idnc.library.illinois.edu\/cgi-bin\/illinois?a=d&amp;d=DIL18781201&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Link<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref19traditions\" name=\"_ftn19traditions\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 7 April 1883.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref20traditions\" name=\"_ftn20traditions\">[20]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 22 October 1888.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref21traditions\" name=\"_ftn21traditions\">[21]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 11 October 1890.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref22traditions\" name=\"_ftn22traditions\">[22]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 17 December 1891.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref23traditions\" name=\"_ftn23traditions\">[23]<\/a>\u00a0Solberg,\u00a0<em>The University of Illinois 1894-1904<\/em>, 357-58.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/campus-history\/the-early-years\/#_ftnref24traditions\" name=\"_ftn24traditions\">[24]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid., 362-63.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3>Further Resources<\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_660\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-660\" style=\"width: 214px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/illio1903univ\/page\/58\/mode\/2up?view=theater\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-660\" src=\"http:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/illio1903univ_0001-214x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/illio1903univ_0001-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/101\/2024\/05\/illio1903univ_0001.jpg 570w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-660\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Additional class chants and colors, 1903 Illio<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A child of the Morrill Act, the University of Illinois began life in 1867 as the Illinois Industrial University: the school\u2019s radical mission was to extend higher education to members of the working-class. With too few students and too little money, the University languished for years in obscurity. Near the end of the century, the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":245,"featured_media":734,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"hero-img-template.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-765","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/765","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/245"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=765"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/765\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1068,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/765\/revisions\/1068"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wordpress.library.illinois.edu\/mappinghistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}