Flaps and Wraps

"Flaps" and "wraps" are types of enclosures for old, weak, or fragile paper materials. Many books which have intact covers have pages which are no longer attached to the book's spine.

Such pages may have broken loose due to an inferior binding such as the one shown above. Or, old and brittle paper simply cracks away from the binding, as shown in the photos, below.

In the book shown below, the brittle paper is breaking away at the edges of the pages, even though still attached to the spine. Since this paper will continue to break off, this volume needs to be enclosed; we will do this with a flap.